A one-dimensional map to study multi-seasonal coffee infestation by the coffee berry borer.

The coffee berry borer (CBB, Hypothenemus hampei) is the most serious insect pest of coffee worldwide; understanding the dynamics of its reproduction is essential for pest management. The female CBB penetrates the coffee berry, eats the seed, and reproduces inside it. A mathematical model of the infestation progress of the coffee berry by the CBB during several coffee seasons is formulated.

Integrating Linguistics, Social Structure, and Geography to Model Genetic Diversity within India.

India represents an intricate tapestry of population substructure shaped by geography, language, culture, and social stratification. Although geography closely correlates with genetic structure in other parts of the world, the strict endogamy imposed by the Indian caste system and the large number of spoken languages add further levels of complexity to understand Indian population structure. To date, no study has attempted to model and evaluate how these factors have interacted to shape the patterns of genetic diversity within India.

Changes in marrow adipose tissue in relation to changes in bone parameters following estradiol replacement in adolescent and young adult females with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Context: Low energy availability causes disruption of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion leading to functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) and hypoestrogenism, which in turn contributes to decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Transdermal estradiol administration in physiologic doses increases BMD in adolescents and adults with FHA. However, the impact of estrogen replacement on MAT in relation to changes in BMD has not been studied in adolescents and young adults.

Hyaluronic acid engrafted metformin loaded graphene oxide nanoparticle as CD44 targeted anti-cancer therapy for triple negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer with limited treatment modalities. It is associated with high propensity of cancer recurrence.

Methods: UV Spectroscopy, FTIR, DLS, Zeta potential, TEM and SEM were employed to characterize nanoparticles.

Racial differences in lumbar marrow adipose tissue and volumetric bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults with obesity.

Background: Areal bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine by DXA is greater in Black compared to White adolescents. Bone strength is determined not only by BMD but also its microenvironment, and marrow adipose tissue (MAT) has been shown to be an important determinant of skeletal integrity, independent of BMD. Racial differences in volumetric BMD (vBMD) and MAT in adolescents and young adults with obesity are unknown.

Home environment: Short-term trends and predictors in early childhood from an Indian community birth cohort.

Background: Early childhood home environment is intricately linked to child development and later cognitive and academic skills. There is limited literature evaluating home environmental trends and predictors in the low- and middle-income country settings.

Aims: Determine the trends of early childhood home environment changes between 6 and 36 months of age, and the factors associated with these changes.

Vinyl sulfone-modified carbohydrates: Michael acceptors and 2π partners for the synthesis of functionalized sugars and enantiomerically pure carbocycles and heterocycles.

Increasing demands for molecules with skeletal complexity, including those of stereochemical diversity, require new synthetic strategies. Carbohydrates have been used extensively as chiral building blocks for the synthesis of various complex molecules. On the other hand, the vinyl sulfone group has been identified as a unique functional group, which acts either as a Michael acceptor or a 2π partner in cycloaddition reactions.

Predicting Total Electron-Ionization Cross Sections and GC-MS Calibration Factors Using Machine Learning.

Concentrations in GC-MS using electron-ionization mass spectrometry can be determined without pure calibration standards through prediction of relative total-ionization cross sections. An atom- and group-based artificial neural network (FF-NN-AG) model is created to generate EI cross sections and calibrations for organic compounds. This model is easy to implement and is more accurate than the widely used atom-additivity-based correlation of Fitch and Sauter ( 1983).

Impact of NRG1 HapICE gene variants on digit ratio and dermatoglyphic measures in schizophrenia.

Multiple lines of evidence have suggested a potential role of Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) in the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Interaction between genetic risk variants present within NRG1 locus and non-specific gestational putative insults can significantly impair crucial processes of brain development. Such genetic effects can be analyzed through the assessment of digit ratio and dermatoglyphic patterns.

How Does a Simple Network of Chemical Oscillators See the Japanese Flag?

Chemical computing is something we use every day (e.g., in the brain), but we can still not explore and master its potential in human-made experiments.

Effects of Anisotropic Strain on Spin-Orbit Torque Produced by the Dirac Nodal Line Semimetal IrO.

We report spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance studies of the efficiency of the damping-like (ξ) spin-orbit torque exerted on an adjacent ferromagnet film by current flowing in epitaxial (001) and (110) IrO thin films. IrO possesses Dirac nodal lines (DNLs) in the band structure that are gapped by spin-orbit coupling, which could enable a very high spin Hall conductivity, σ. We find that the (001) films do exhibit exceptionally high ξ ranging from 0.

Predictors of recovery in children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition: a multicentre study.

Objective: To identify predictors of recovery in children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM).

Design: This is a secondary data analysis from an individual randomised controlled trial, where children with uncomplicated SAM were randomised to three feeding regimens, namely ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) sourced from Compact India, locally prepared RUTF or augmented home-prepared foods, under two age strata (6-17 months and 18-59 months) for 16 weeks or until recovery. Three sets of predictors that could influence recovery, namely child, family and nutritional predictors, were analysed.

Mycobacterial STAND adenylyl cyclases: The HTH domain binds DNA to form biocrystallized nucleoids.

Mycobacteria harbor a unique class of adenylyl cyclases with a complex domain organization consisting of an N-terminal putative adenylyl cyclase domain fused to a nucleotide-binding adaptor shared by apoptotic protease-activating factor-1, plant resistance proteins, and CED-4 (NB-ARC) domain, a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, and a C-terminal helix-turn-helix (HTH) domain. The products of the rv0891c-rv0890c genes represent a split gene pair, where Rv0891c has sequence similarity to adenylyl cyclases, and Rv0890c harbors the NB-ARC-TPR-HTH domains. Rv0891c had very low adenylyl cyclase activity so it could represent a pseudoenzyme.

Presence of a left common pulmonary vein and pulmonary vein anatomical characteristics as predictors of outcome following cryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Purpose: Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation using cryoballoon ablation (CBA) is a common therapy for patients with drug-refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). However, initial CBA is successful in only 70-80% of patients. The role of an atypical left common PV (LCPV) and PV anatomical indices on CBA outcomes remains unclear.

Lexical and Cognitive Underpinnings of Verbal Fluency: Evidence from Bengali-English Bilingual Aphasia.

Research in bilingual healthy controls (BHC) has illustrated that detailed characterization of verbal fluency along with separate measures of executive control stand to inform our understanding of the lexical and cognitive underpinnings of the task. Such data are currently lacking in bilinguals with aphasia (BWA). We aimed to compare the characteristics of verbal fluency performance (semantic, letter) in Bengali-English BWA and BHC, in terms of cross-linguistic differences, variation on the parameters of bilingualism, and cognitive underpinnings.

Magnetite nanoparticle anchored graphene cathode enhances microbial electrosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1.

Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is an emerging technology that can convert carbon dioxide (CO) into value-added organic carbon compounds using electrons supplied from a cathode. However, MES is affected by low product formation due to limited extracellular electron uptake by microbes. Herein, a novel cathode was developed from chemically synthesized magnetite nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (rGO-MNPs).

PDX-derived organoids model in vivo drug response and secrete biomarkers.

Patient-derived organoid models are proving to be a powerful platform for both basic and translational studies. Here we conduct a methodical analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor organoid drug response in paired patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and PDX-derived organoid (PXO) models grown under WNT-free culture conditions. We report a specific relationship between area under the curve value of organoid drug dose response and in vivo tumor growth, irrespective of the drug treatment.

Manipulation of the van der Waals Magnet CrGeTe by Spin-Orbit Torques.

We report measurements of current-induced thermoelectric and spin-orbit torque effects within devices in which multilayers of the semiconducting two-dimensional van der Waals magnet CrGeTe (CGT) are integrated with Pt and Ta metal overlayers. We show that the magnetic orientation of the CGT can be detected accurately either electrically (using an anomalous Hall effect) or optically (using magnetic circular dichroism) with good consistency. The samples exhibit large thermoelectric effects, but nevertheless, the spin-orbit torque can be measured quantitatively using the angle-dependent second harmonic Hall technique.

Extracellular electron uptake by autotrophic microbes: physiological, ecological, and evolutionary implications.

Microbes exchange electrons with their extracellular environment via direct or indirect means. This exchange is bidirectional and supports essential microbial oxidation-reduction processes, such as respiration and photosynthesis. The microbial capacity to use electrons from insoluble electron donors, such as redox-active minerals, poised electrodes, or even other microbial cells is called extracellular electron uptake (EEU).

Order-indeterminant event-based maps for learning a beat.

The process by which humans synchronize to a musical beat is believed to occur through error-correction where an individual's estimates of the period and phase of the beat time are iteratively adjusted to align with an external stimuli. Mathematically, error-correction can be described using a two-dimensional map where convergence to a fixed point corresponds to synchronizing to the beat. In this paper, we show how a neural system, called a beat generator, learns to adapt its oscillatory behavior through error-correction to synchronize to an external periodic signal.

Amyloid-β regulates gap junction protein connexin 43 trafficking in cultured primary astrocytes.

Altered expression and function of astroglial gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) has increasingly been associated to neurotoxicity in Alzheimer disease (AD). Although earlier studies have examined the effect of increased β-amyloid (Aβ) on Cx43 expression and function leading to neuronal damage, underlying mechanisms by which Aβ modulates Cx43 in astrocytes remain elusive. Here, using mouse primary astrocyte cultures, we have examined the cellular processes by which Aβ can alter Cx43 gap junctions.

Impact of sleeve gastrectomy on hip structural analysis in adolescents and young adults with obesity.

Background: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG), the most commonly performed metabolic and bariatric surgery, is associated with reductions in areal bone mineral density at multiple sites, and changes in bone structure at the distal radius and tibia without reductions in strength estimates at these peripheral sites. Data are lacking regarding effects on hip strength estimates.

Objective: To evaluate effects of SG on measures of hip structural analysis in adolescents and young adults over 12 months using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.