Author Correction: Conversion of human fibroblasts to angioblast-like progenitor cells.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Effect of different exposure times on caries detection and pixel value in a wireless digital system.

Objectives: : The aim of this study was to assess, using the CDR Wireless®, the effect of different exposure times on caries detection and pixel intensity values.

Materials And Methods: Forty teeth were x-rayed using a Schick CDR Wireless sensor at eight different exposure times - 0.06, 0.

Uncovering changes in proteomic signature of rat pelvic floor muscles in pregnancy.

Background: Structural and functional changes of the rat pelvic floor muscles during pregnancy, specifically, sarcomerogenesis, increase in extracellular matrix content, and higher passive tension at larger strains protect the integral muscle components against birth injury. The mechanisms underlying these antepartum alterations are unknown. Quantitative proteomics is an unbiased method of identifying protein expression changes in differentially conditioned samples.

Correlation between midline deviation and condylar position in patients with Class II malocclusion: A cone-beam computed tomography evaluation.

Introduction: Midline deviation of the mandible and maxilla can affect craniofacial growth and occlusion and cause consequences to the temporomandibular joint. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lateral displacement of the skeletal and dental midlines in relation to the condyle head position in Class II patients with cone-beam computed tomography.

Methods: We used 82 cone-beam computed tomography images.

Diagnostic accuracy of phosphor plate systems and conventional radiography in the detection of simulated internal root resorption.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of conventional radiography and photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate in the detection of simulated internal root resorption (IRR) lesions in early stages.

Materials And Methods: Twenty single-rooted teeth were X-rayed before and after having a simulated IRR early lesion. Three imaging systems were used: Kodak InSight dental film and two PSPs digital systems, Digora Optime and VistaScan.

Correlation between the position of hyoid bone and subregions of the pharyngeal airway space in lateral cephalometry and cone beam computed tomography.

Objective: To correlate the pharyngeal airway subregions with the positioning of the hyoid bone.

Material And Methods: The study examined 107 lateral cephalometric (LC) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Linear and volumetric measurements of the pharyngeal subregions were made and correlated to linear measurements using hyoid triangle analysis on images of LC and multiplanar (MPR) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of CBCT.

DNA damage signaling mediates the functional antagonism between replicative senescence and terminal muscle differentiation.

The molecular determinants of muscle progenitor impairment to regenerate aged muscles are currently unclear. We show that, in a mouse model of replicative senescence, decline in muscle satellite cell-mediated regeneration coincides with activation of DNA damage response (DDR) and impaired ability to differentiate into myotubes. Inhibition of DDR restored satellite cell differentiation ability.

MicroCT assessment of bone microarchitecture in implant sites reconstructed with autogenous and xenogenous grafts: a pilot study.

Purpose: To assess bone microarchitecture in maxillary sites grafted with autogenous or xenogenous grafts as well as to demonstrate the usefulness of microCT in dental implant research.

Materials And Methods: Samples (n = 12) consisting of titanium fixation screws covered by at least 0.5-1 mm of human bone were obtained from 17 sites grafted with autogenous or xenogenous materials and prepared for microCT scanning and conventional histology.

Association between maxillary sinus pathologies and healthy teeth.

Introduction: The proximity of the roots to the maxillary sinus can create a variety of risks.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the roots of healthy teeth and the maxillary sinus, as well as the occurrence of sinus pathologies.

Methods: Three radiologists analyzed 109 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Efficacy of lead foil for reducing doses in the head and neck: a simulation study using digital intraoral systems.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of lead foils in reducing the radiation dose received by different anatomical sites of the head and neck during periapical intraoral examinations performed with digital systems.

Methods: Images were acquired through four different manners: phosphor plate (PSP; VistaScan(®) system; Dürr Dental GmbH, Bissingen, Germany) alone, PSP plus lead foil, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS; DIGORA(®) Toto, Soredex(®), Tuusula, Finland) alone and CMOS plus lead foil. Radiation dose was measured after a full-mouth periapical series (14 radiographs) using the long-cone paralleling technique.

Increased risk of genetic and epigenetic instability in human embryonic stem cells associated with specific culture conditions.

The self-renewal and differentiation capacities of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) make them a promising source of material for cell transplantation therapy, drug development, and studies of cellular differentiation and development. However, the large numbers of cells necessary for many of these applications require extensive expansion of hPSC cultures, a process that has been associated with genetic and epigenetic alterations. We have performed a combinatorial study on both hESCs and hiPSCs to compare the effects of enzymatic vs.

Artefact expression associated with several cone-beam computed tomographic machines when imaging root filled teeth.

Aim: To evaluate the characteristic artefact patterns associated with teeth root filled with Gutta-percha when scanned with four cone-beam CT devices.

Methodology: Whilst using soft tissue simulation, ten root filled human premolars were placed in empty sockets in a dry human skull. Subsequently, the skull was scanned using 3D Accuitomo 170(®) , WhiteFox(®) , Cranex 3D(®) and Scanora 3D(®) following clinical protocols with the highest resolution and artefact reduction.

Banking placental tissue: an optimized collection procedure for genome-wide analysis of nucleic acids.

Introduction: Banking of high-quality placental tissue specimens will enable biomarker discovery and molecular studies on diseases involving placental dysfunction. Systematic studies aimed at developing feasible standardized methodology for placental collection in a typical clinical setting are lacking.

Methods: To determine the acceptable timeframe for placental collection, we collected multiple samples from first and third trimester placentas at serial timepoints in a 2-h window after delivery, simultaneously comparing the traditional snap-freeze technique to commercial solutions designed to preserve RNA (RNAlater™), and DNA (DNAgard(®)).

Early forming label-retaining muscle stem cells require p27kip1 for maintenance of the primitive state.

Across different niches, subsets of highly functional stem cells are maintained in a relatively dormant rather than proliferative state. Our understanding of proliferative dynamics in tissue-specific stem cells during conditions of increased tissue turnover remains limited. Using a TetO-H2B-GFP reporter of proliferative history, we identify skeletal muscle stem cell, or satellite cells, that retain (LRC) or lose (nonLRC) the H2B-GFP label.

Ionizing radiation effects on the secretory-stage ameloblasts and enamel organic extracellular matrix.

This study assessed the effects of high doses of ionizing radiation on eruption rate, odontogenic region morphology, secretory-stage ameloblasts, and enamel organic extracellular matrix (EOECM) of rat maxillary incisors. For the study, 30 male rats were divided into three experimental groups: control (non-irradiated), irradiated by 15 Gy, and irradiated by 25 Gy. Irradiated groups received a single dose of 15 or 25 Gy of X-rays in the head and neck region.

A comparison of the mandibular index on panoramic and cross-sectional images from CBCT exams from osteoporosis risk group.

Unlabelled: Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease that primarily affects postmenopausal women. Based on panoramic radiographs, several assessment methods have been proposed for the diagnosis and evaluation of bone changes and as a predictor of osteoporosis for example the mandibular index.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to compare the assessment of mandibular indices on panoramic and cross-sectional images.

Influence of cone beam CT enhancement filters on diagnosis ability of longitudinal root fractures.

Objectives: To determine whether cone beam CT (CBCT) enhancement filters influence the diagnosis of longitudinal root fractures.

Methods: 40 extracted human posterior teeth were endodontically prepared, and fractures with no separation of fragments were made in 20 teeth of this sample. The teeth were placed in a dry mandible and scanned using a Classic i-CAT® CBCT device (Imaging Sciences International, Inc.

Radioprotective effect of sodium selenite on developing teeth.

Radioprotective agents like selenium are used to reduce the damage caused by radiation in healthy tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium selenite on the development of the molars of offspring of rats irradiated during odontogenesis. Twenty pregnant rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, irradiated, selenium and selenium/irradiated.

Genomic analysis of hESC pedigrees identifies de novo mutations and enables determination of the timing and origin of mutational events.

Given the association between mutational load and cancer, the observation that genetic aberrations are frequently found in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is of concern. Prior studies in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have shown that deletions and regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) tend to arise during reprogramming and early culture, whereas duplications more frequently occur during long-term culture. For the corresponding experiments in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), we studied two sets of hESC lines: one including the corresponding parental DNA and the other generated from single blastomeres from four sibling embryos.

Comparative analysis of mandibular anatomical variations between panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to compare the ability of panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting anatomical variations of the mandibular canal and mental foramen.

Methods: One hundred twenty-seven preoperative panoramic and CBCT images were evaluated. Two oral and maxillofacial radiologists investigated the presence of bifid mandibular canals and/or additional mental foramina on the right, left, or both sides of the mandible.

Radioprotective effect of vitamin E in parotid glands: a morphometric analysis in rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective effect of vitamin E on rat parotid glands by morphometric analysis. Sixty male rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6): control, in which animals received olive oil solution; olive oil/irradiated, in which animals received olive oil and were irradiated with a dose of 15 Gy of gamma radiation; irradiated, in which animals were irradiated with a dose of 15 Gy gamma radiation; vitamin E, which received α-tocopherol acetate solution; vitamin E/irradiated, which received α-tocopherol acetate solution before irradiation with a dose of 15 Gy gamma rays. Half of the animals were euthanized at 8 h, and the remaining at 30 days after irradiation.

Deriving dopaminergic neurons for clinical use. A practical approach.

New small molecules that regulate the step-wise differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into dopaminergic neurons have been identified. The steroid, guggulsterone, was found to be the most effective inducer of neural stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. These neurons are extensively characterized and shown to be functional.

Radioprotective effect of sodium selenite on bone repair in the tibia of ovariectomized rats.

This study evaluated protection by selenium (Se) in the bone repair process in ovariectomized rats after irradiation. For such purpose, 80 ovariectomized female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups: ovariectomized (Ov), Ov/Se, Ov/irradiated (Irr) and Ov/ Se/Irr. A bone defect was created on the tibia of all animals 40 days after ovariectomy.

Gray scale inversion in digital image for measurement of tooth length.

The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of gray scale inversion in performing digital linear endodontic measurements. Standardized digital images were taken of 40 extracted human permanent single-rooted teeth with K-files size 15 placed at different lengths in the root canal, using the CDR Wireless(®) digital system. All images were treated with Positive, a digital tool that inverts the grayscale value.