View the label before you view the movie: a field experiment into the impact of portion size and Guideline Daily Amounts labelling on soft drinks in cinemas.

Background: Large soft drink sizes increase consumption, and thereby contribute to obesity. Portion size labelling may help consumers to select more appropriate food portions. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of portion size and caloric Guidelines for Daily Amounts (GDA) labelling on consumers' portion size choices and consumption of regular soft drinks.

Mental, psychomotor, neurologic, and behavioral outcomes of 2-year-old children born after preimplantation genetic screening: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.

Design: Prospective, assessor-blinded, follow-up study of children born to women randomly assigned to in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) with or without PGS.

Setting: University Medical Center, Groningen, and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

The World Starts With Me: a multilevel evaluation of a comprehensive sex education programme targeting adolescents in Uganda.

Background: This paper evaluates the effect of the World Starts With Me (WSWM), a comprehensive sex education programme in secondary schools in Uganda. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of WSWM on socio-cognitive determinants of safe sex behaviour (delay; condom use and non-coercive sex).

Methods: A survey was conducted both before and immediately after the intervention among students in intervention (N = 853) and comparison (N = 1011) groups.

[Quality of life in patients with craniofacial disorders].

Children with a serious congenital craniofacial disorder experience a variety of problems. Research on quality of life in these children has commenced relatively late. A specially developed questionnaire, the Child Oral Health Impact Profile, was used for a group of cleft lip and palate children and their parents.

[Orthodontics and quality of life].

The impact of oral health on quality of life among orthodontic patients was assessed using the Child Oral Health Impact Profile. Responses of parents and children to questions about the quality of life of the child were very similar, suggesting that the parents were quite well able to assess the oral health-related quality of life of their children. Girls experienced more adverse effects on their quality of life due to oral health problems as compared to boys.

Patient safety culture in a Dutch pediatric surgical intensive care unit: an evaluation using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire.

Objective: Nowadays, the belief is widespread that a safety culture is crucial to achieving patient safety, yet there has been virtually no analysis of the safety culture in pediatric hospital settings so far. Our aim was to measure the safety climate in our unit, compare it with benchmarking data, and identify potential deficiencies.

Design: Prospective longitudinal survey study at two points in time.

Electron transfer process between Ce3+ donor and Yb3+ acceptor levels in the bandgap of Y3Al5O12 (YAG).

Thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Ce(3+) and Yb(3+) co-doped in Y(3)Al(5)O(12) (YAG) were studied with the aim of determining the location of energy levels of Ce(3+) and Yb(2+) relative to the bottom of the conduction band (CB) and the top of the valence band (VB) of YAG. The TL glow peak at about 180 °C when heating rate β = 1°C s(-1) was assigned to electron release from Yb(2+), indicating that Yb(3+) acts as an electron trap. The trap depth, which is the depth of the ground-state level of Yb(2+) below the bottom of the CB, was derived from the temperatures of the maximum of the TL glow peak at different heating rates.

[Comparison between subjective and objective methods for sodium intake estimate among hypertensive persons].

Introduction: High sodium intake contributes to arterial hypertension; the relationship between high blood pressure and human aging is stronger among populations with high sodium intake.

Objectives: The aim of this research is to compare subjective and objective methods on the estimate of the consumption of sodium.

Methods: This is a retrospective investigation along with secondary topics from the raw data base.

Oral health-related quality of life in Dutch children with cleft lip and/or palate.

Objective: To investigate the oral health-related quality of life (OH-RQoL) of Dutch cleft lip and palate patients. It was hypothesized that (1) there is no difference between cleft patients' and their parents' reports of patients' OH-RQoL; (2) there are no gender differences; (3) there are no differences in OH-RQoL between cleft patients with regard to their symptoms; and (4) there is no difference between patients above and below 12 years of age.

Materials And Methods: The sample consisted of 122 patients with clefts (age range, 8-15 years) and their parents.

Prenatal tobacco exposure influences cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants.

Aim: Our aim was to determine the influence of prenatal tobacco exposure on regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (r(c)SO(2)) and fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) in preterm infants. We hypothesized that as a result of vasoconstriction caused by prenatal tobacco exposure r(c)SO(2) would be lower and FTOE would be higher during the first days after birth in infants exposed to tobacco during pregnancy.

Methods: Sixty preterms were included in this prospective, observational cohort study (median gestational age 29.

The Groningen assisted reproductive technologies cohort study: developmental status and behavior at 2 years.

Objective: To evaluate whether children's cognitive and psychomotor development and behavior at 2 years are affected by ovarian hyperstimulation and the IVF laboratory procedures or subfertility.

Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.

Amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic activity is suppressed in preterm infants with high scores on illness severity.

Background: The neonatal acute physiology score, SNAP-II, reflects the severity of illness in newborns. In term newborns, amplitude integrated EEG (aEEG), is depressed following asphyxia. In preterm infants aEEG is discontinuous, and therefore more difficult to assess compared to term infants.

The process of end-of-life decision-making in pediatrics: a national survey in the Netherlands.

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate how Dutch pediatric specialists reach end-of-life decisions, how they involve parents, and how they address conflicts.

Methods: We conducted a national cross-sectional survey among pediatric intensivists, oncologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and metabolic pediatricians practicing in the 8 Dutch university hospitals. We collected information on respondents' overall opinions and their clinical practice.

Probing electron transfer processes in YPO(4):Ce, Sm by combined synchrotron-laser excitation spectroscopy.

Yttrium phosphate co-doped with cerium and samarium acts as a charge storage phosphor, but in highly doped material (0.5% co-doping levels), the proximity of defects leads to the uncontrolled non-radiative loss of stored charge through tunnelling. In order to characterize these defects, their mutual interactions and intra-pair charge transfer routes, experiments have been undertaken in which a laser probe is deployed during luminescence excitation using a synchrotron.

[Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in indigenous people over 40 years of age in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) among indigenous people older than 40 years of age from two cities in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil.

Methods: A descriptive, analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted in two municipalities, Porto Alegre and Nonoai, between July and August 2009. A total of 150 indigenous people older than 40 years of age (range: 40-104 years), participated in the study.

Skin lesions in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit: an observational study.

We analysed, by a prospective observational study over a 3-year period, the frequency and character of dermatological symptoms and diseases in children admitted to a tertiary general paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a university hospital. Skin problems were observed in 42 of 1,800 children admitted. There was a large variability in dermatological diseases in the PICU.

Whom are we comforting? An analysis of comfort medications delivered to dying neonates.

Objectives: To clarify the use of end-of-life comfort medications or neuromuscular blockers (NMBs) in culturally different neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Study Design: Review of medical files of newborns > 22 weeks gestation who died in the delivery room or the NICU during 12 months in four NICUs (Chicago, Milwaukee, Montreal, and Groningen). We compared use of end-of-life comfort medications and NMBs.

Placental pathology is associated with illness severity in preterm infants in the first twenty-four hours after birth.

Background: Placental pathology is associated with long-term neurological morbidity. Little is known about the association of placental pathology and illness severity directly after birth in preterm infants.

Objective: To determine the association between placental pathology and illness severity in preterm infants during the first 24 h after birth.

Developmental delay in moderately preterm-born children at school entry.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and nature of developmental delay at preschool age in infants born moderately preterm compared with those born full-term and early preterm.

Study Design: Parents of 927 moderate preterm infants (32-35(+6) weeks gestation), 512 early preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation) and 544 full-term infants (38-41(+6) weeks gestation) completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) when the child was aged 43-49 months. We analyzed rates of abnormal ASQ scores and odds ratios for abnormal ASQ scores in both preterm groups compared with the full-term group.

Determination of factors required to increase uptake of influenza vaccination among hospital-based healthcare workers.

A questionnaire study was performed in all eight University Medical Centers in The Netherlands to determine the predictors of influenza vaccination compliance in hospital-based healthcare workers (HCWs). Demographical, behavioural and organisational determinants were assessed based on behavioural and implementation models. Multivariable regression analysis was applied to assess the independent predictors for influenza vaccine uptake.

Does physiotherapeutic intervention affect motor outcome in high-risk infants? An approach combining a randomized controlled trial and process evaluation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of intervention in infants at risk of developmental disorders on motor outcome, as measured by the Infant Motor Profile (IMP) and using the combined approach of a randomized controlled trial and process evaluation.

Method: At a corrected age of 3 months, 46 infants (20 males, 26 females) recruited from the neonatal intensive care unit at the University Medical Centre Groningen (median birthweight 1210 g, range 585-4750 g; median gestational age 30 wks, range 25-40 wks) were included on the basis of definitely abnormal general movements. Exclusion criteria were severe congenital disorders and insufficient understanding of the Dutch language.

Clinical and pathologic features of an adenomatous polyp of the colon in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

A 6-year-old castrated male domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) with a 4-week history of intermittent diarrhea and straining during defecation had an intraluminal mass in the descending colon identified by abdominal ultrasound. The histopathological diagnosis of the resected mass was an adenomatous polyp of the colon. No post-operative complications were identified over a 32-month follow-up period.

HIV status disclosure among HIV-positive African and Afro-Caribbean people in the Netherlands.

HIV status disclosure is often characterized as a dilemma. On the one hand, disclosure can promote health, social support, and psychological well-being. On the other, disclosure can lead to stigmatization, rejection, and other negative social interactions.

The Groningen ART cohort study: the effects of ovarian hyperstimulation and the IVF laboratory procedures on neurological condition at 2 years.

Background: Up to 4% of children are born following assisted reproduction techniques (ART) yet relatively little is known on neurodevelopmental outcome of these children after 18 months of age. Only a limited number of long-term follow-up studies with adequate methodological quality have been reported. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of ovarian hyperstimulation, IVF laboratory procedures and a history of subfertility on neurological condition at 2 years.

High risk for sleep apnea in the Berlin questionnaire and coronary artery disease.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects up to 30% of the adult population and is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). The diagnostic process, involving polysomnography, may be complex. Berlin questionnaire (BQ) is a validated and economical screening tool.