Weekly Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Acute Respiratory Infections in Young Children at Different Latitudes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of weekly vitamin D supplementation in reducing the number of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in preschool children.

Study Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 303 children aged 1.5-3.

Long-term remission of infantile Takayasu arteritis associated with germline CBL syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report and literature review.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a large-vessel vasculitis that rarely presents in infancy. Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder due to heterozygous CBL gene germline pathogenic variants that is characterized by a predisposition to develop juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Vasculitis, including TA, has been reported in several patients.

Vernix caseosa reveals mechanistic clues linking maternal obesity to atopic dermatitis pathogenesis.

Background: Maternal overweight and obesity have been associated with an increased risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the offspring, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Vernix caseosa (VC) is a proteolipid material covering the fetus produced during skin development. However, whether maternal prepregnancy weight excess influences fetal skin development is unknown.

Incidence of type 1 diabetes in Chilean children between 2006 and 2021: significant increase during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims: An increase in type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence has been observed in several countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to determine T1D incidence trends in Chilean children between 2006 and 2021, and specifically evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in this population.

Methods: We reviewed mandatory notifications of T1D in Chile's public and private health system in youth < 20 years between 2006 and 2021, and compared COVID-19 pre-pandemic and pandemic incidence.

Safety, Tolerability, Bioavailability, and Biological Activity of Inhaled Interferon-α2b in Healthy Adults: The INCOVID Phase I Randomized Trial.

Background And Objectives: Interferons have been identified as a potential treatment alternative for coronavirus disease 2019. This study assessed the safety, tolerability, bioavailability, and biological activity of inhaled interferon-α2b (IFN)-α2b in healthy adults.

Methods: A double-blind, randomized, phase I clinical trial was conducted with two cohorts of healthy subjects aged 18-50 years.

Maternal obesity is associated with a higher number of regulatory-T-cells in newborns without affecting suppression.

Background: Maternal obesity (MO) is associated with a higher risk of immune-mediated diseases in the offspring and higher leptin levels in cord blood (CB). This study evaluates the number and function of lymphocyte subtypes in CB related to MO and its relationship with leptin concentration and leptin receptor expression.

Methods: Pregnant women with (n = 32) or without obesity (n = 41) were enrolled at delivery.

Healthcare Disparities in Atopic Dermatitis in Latin America: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic skin disease caused by a mixture of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, characterized by periods of inflammation and remission. In Latin America (LA), the prevalence of AD ranges up to 25% in children and 1-3% in adults. The natural history of the disease for most patients is that AD goes into remission in adolescence and adult life.

Infantile Takayasu: clinical features and long-term outcome.

Objectives: Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a large-vessel vasculitis rarely reported in children and infants. Most articles on paediatric TAK have not focused on infants. We present the largest case series of infantile TAK, aiming to identify its demographic and clinical characteristics and compare them with existing data on older children.

Atopic Dermatitis in Latin America: A Roadmap to Address Data Collection, Knowledge Gaps, and Challenges.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a systemic, multifactorial disease that causes significant morbidity and health care burden in Latin America (LA). Data on AD are scarce in LA. Lack of disease registries and non-standardized study methodologies, coupled with region-specific genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, hamper data collection.

[Pediatric ANCA-associated vasculitis, a case series].

Introduction: ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an infrequent disease in childhood. International literature about pediatric vasculitis is scarce, and it mainly refers to other systemic vasculitides with a higher incidence in childhood, such as IgA vasculitis and Kawasaki disease.

Objective: To describe the clini cal and laboratory characteristics of a series of pediatric cases with AAV.

A cluster randomized trial of interferon ß-1a for the reduction of transmission of SARS-Cov-2: protocol for the Containing Coronavirus Disease 19 trial (ConCorD-19).

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection rapidly spreads in populations due to the high rates of community transmission. Interrupting the shedding of SARS-CoV-2 may reduce the incidence of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). Herein we provide a protocol for a cluster randomized trial that will examine the effectiveness of treatment with interferon (IFN) ß-1a compared to standard of care in limiting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

The asthma predictive index as a surrogate diagnostic tool in preschoolers: Analysis of a longitudinal birth cohort.

Unlabelled: Diagnosing asthma in preschool children remains an unsolved challenge, at a time when early identification would allow for better education and treatment to prevent morbidity and lung function deterioration.

Objective: To evaluate if the asthma predictive index (API) can be used as surrogate for asthma diagnosis in preschoolers.

Methods: Birth cohort of 339 pregnant women enrolled at delivery and their offspring, who were followed for atopy, wheezing, and other respiratory illnesses through 30 months of age.

[Temporal association between the circulation of respiratory viruses and hospitalizations due to Kawasaki disease].

Background: The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) is unknown. It is believed that viral infections could trigger the disease in susceptible patients.

Aim: To study the temporal association between the circulation of respiratory viruses and KD hospitalizations in the Metropolitan Region (MR), Chile, between 2010-2017.