Improvise approach for respiratory pathologies classification with multilayer convolutional neural networks.

Every respiratory-related checkup includes audio samples collected from the individual, collected through different tools (sonograph, stethoscope). This audio is analyzed to identify pathology, which requires time and effort. The research work proposed in this paper aims at easing the task with deep learning by the diagnosis of lung-related pathologies using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with the help of transformed features from the audio samples.

Congenital Dermal Facial Temporal Sinus: Rare Presentation of Intraorbital Dermoid in Children.

We present a rare case of an intraorbital dermoid which was associated with a small temporal region dermal sinus in a 3-year-old child. This got infected and the child presented with orbital cellulitis. Definitive surgery involved excision of all the dermal elements using a superficial and intraorbital approach.

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome in a 12-year-old Child.

The syndrome described by Zollinger and Ellison in 1955 is a rare clinical entity which is even rarer in children. This report describes a 12-year-old boy who presented with refractory peptic ulcer disease which was finally diagnosed to be due to a gastrinoma and was successfully treated.

Vesicoureteric reflux: Evaluation by bladder volume graded direct radionuclide cystogram.

Aim: Evaluation of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in children by bladder volume graded direct radionuclide cystogram (BVG DRC). This technique allows detection of VUR at different bladder volume grades.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, 33 patients (66 renal units) with suspected vesicoureteric reflux were subjected to a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) and BVG DRC.

Ureteric valve: Case report with an insight into anatomy, embryology, presentation and management.

Congenital ureteric obstruction caused by a ureteric valve is an exceedingly rare entity. Our patient, a nine-year-old male, had undergone evaluation for recurrent pain in the abdomen and was diagnosed as a case of left hydronephrosis on ultrasound abdomen. Intravenous urography and magnetic resonance urography showed incomplete duplex system on the right side along with left hydronephrosis and hydroureter.

Anovestibular fistula with normal anal opening: Is it always congenital?

Aim: To review 12 cases of anovestibular fistula with normal anal opening.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 12 children with anovestibular fistula and normal anal opening were treated between the years 2000 and 2007. Of these, 11 patients were diagnosed as having acquired anovestibular fistula with normal anal opening and were managed by conservative management.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia with gastric volvulus.

Gastric volvulus is a surgical emergency presenting in various forms. Association with diaphragmatic defect is well known. Here we describe three cases of gastric volvulus associated with diaphragmatic defect having varied presentations and their management.

Thoracoscopic excision of mediastinal cysts in children.

Aim: Thoracoscopy offers great advantages when compared with open surgery in terms of postoperative pain and pulmonary complications. Considering the benign nature of most of the mediastinal cysts, thoracoscopy is safe and feasible with minimal morbidity. The purpose of this article is to review our experience with four cases of mediastinal cysts resected successfully within a period of one year by thoracoscopy.

Posterior urethral polyps and review of literature.

Urethral polyp is a rare finding in young children. Fibroepithelial polyps of the urethra are usually diagnosed during the first decade of life. They present with obstruction, voiding dysfunction and hematuria.

Unusual aero-digestive foreign bodies: tribulations and tragedies.

Aero-digestive foreign bodies are a common occurrence in infants and children. The manifestations, hazards and consequences depend upon the location, nature of the foreign body and the time lapse. This communication reports a series of four cases with unusual course and consequences of aero-digestive foreign bodies.

Extrarenal Wilm's tumour - a rare entity.

A rare case of extrarenal Wilms' tumour (ERWT) that presented as an asymptomatic subcutaneous lumbar mass is reported. The diagnosis could only be established postoperatively.

Morgagni hernia with Down syndrome: a rare association -- case report and review of literature.

Morgagni hernia is a rare diaphragmatic hernia accounting for only 2% of the congenital diaphragmatic defects. A case of Morgagni hernia was diagnosed radiologically in a 12-months-old male with Down syndrome, with recurrent respiratory distress and chest deformity. The 2-dimensional echocardiography was normal.

Glanular diphallus with urethral stricture.

An unusual case of a 5-year-old boy with duplication of the glans, a rare variety of diphallia, is reported. The two glandes were arranged one above the other, the dorsal glans had only a blind pit while the ventral glans had a patent urethra with glanular hypospadias. The child also had right renal agenesis and a posterior urethral stricture.

Rapunzel syndrome with a long tail.

A rare form of gastric trichobezoar extending into small bowel with varying gastrointestinal symptoms is known as Rapunzel syndrome. A case history of 6 years old boy is described. This is the twelfth patient with Rapunzel syndrome in the literature.

Wilms' tumor arising in a horseshoe kidney.

The incidence of horseshoe kidney (HK) is estimated at 1 in 400 cases. The occurrence of Wilms' tumor (WT) in a HK is an uncommon event, estimated at 0.4%-0.

Spontaneous perforation of the extrahepatic bile duct in an infant.

A 1.2-year-old male presented with gradual-onset biliary ascites, mild icterus, and failure to thrive due to spontaneous bile-duct perforation (SPBD) confirmed by technetium 99Tc HIDA scan and abdominal paracentesis. Peritoneal tube drainage for 2 weeks helped the perforation to seal spontaneously, as there was no distal obstruction.

Gastric teratoma: a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Gastric teratoma is a rare tumor of infancy, almost exclusively found in males. We report a 6-month-old male child with gastric teratoma who presented with gastrointestinal bleeding; he was treated successfully with local excision of the tumor.

Infantile hemangioendothelioma.

Primary hepatic tumors are uncommon in children and account for only three per cent of the tumors in children. Infantile hemangioendothelioma is a rare benign hepatic tumor arising from mesenchymal tissue. Most of the cases present before six months.

Complete spontaneous regression of a functioning adrenocortical carcinoma in an infant.

A 9-month-old female presented with Cushing's syndrome. Investigations suggested the diagnosis and revealed a functioning left adrenal carcinoma without metastasis. However, when the abdomen was explored 30 days later after controlling the hypertension only normal adrenals were encountered, suggesting complete spontaneous regression.

Tar syndrome with unilateral absent radius and associated esophageal atresia: a variant?

We report a male child with Thrombocytopenia and Absent Radii (TAR) syndrome but with single absent radius and associated tracheoesophageal fistula which has never been reported till date.

Anterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm.

Traumatic pseudoaneurysms are rare in civilian trauma, more so in childhood. A case of anterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm is described which was successfully treated non surgically by percutaneous coil embolisation, thus questioning the need for surgery in peripheral pseudoaneurysms.

Factors responsible for successful primary closure in bladder exstrophy.

To assess the important factors for successful primary closure in staged reconstruction of bladder exstrophy, 25 patients (18 males, 7 females) underwent primary bladder closure during the years 1993-1997. Twenty-one were more than 72 h old; all of these underwent bilateral posterior iliac osteotomies followed by primary bladder closure during the same anesthetic. Bladder closure was done in a double layer.