Neuropeptide-mediated activation of astrocytes improves stress resilience in mice by modulating cortical neural synapses.

Astrocytes are known to modulate synaptogenesis or neuronal activities, thus participating in mental functions. It has been shown that astrocytes are involved in the antidepressant mechanism. In this study we investigated the potential hormonal mediator governing the astrocyte-neuron interplay for stress-coping behaviors.

Significant effects of rural wastewater treatment plants in reducing microplastic pollution: A perspective from China's southwest area.

Sewage systems are a major source for microplastics in riverine exports to oceans. Urban areas are generally considered hotspots for microplastic discharge, whereas emissions from rural areas remain largely understudied. Hence, this study investigated the abundance, characteristics, and polymer types of microplastics in rural wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Guiyang and estimated the annual microplastic emissions of China based on sewage discharge.

Identification of lipid senolytics targeting senescent cells through ferroptosis induction.

Cellular senescence is a key driver of the aging process and contributes to tissue dysfunction and age-related pathologies. Senolytics have emerged as a promising therapeutic intervention to extend healthspan and treat age-related diseases. Through a senescent cell-based phenotypic drug screen, we identified a class of conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically α-eleostearic acid and its methyl ester derivative, as novel senolytics that effectively killed a broad range of senescent cells, reduced tissue senescence, and extended healthspan in mice.

Human α-synuclein aggregation activates ferroptosis leading to parvalbumin interneuron degeneration and motor learning impairment.

The accumulation of α-synuclein induces neuronal loss in midbrain nuclei and leads to the disruption of motor circuits, while the pathology of α-synuclein in cortical regions remains elusive. To better characterize cortical synucleinopathy, here we generate a mouse model with the overexpression of human α-synuclein in the primary motor cortex (M1) of mice. A combination of molecular, in vivo recording, and behavioral approaches reveal that cortical expression of human α-synuclein results in the overexcitation of cortical pyramidal neurons (PNs), which are regulated by the decreased inhibitory inputs from parvalbumin-interneurons (PV-INs) to impair complex motor skill learning.

The novel roles of RNA m6A modification in regulating the development, infection, and oxidative DNA damage repair of Phytophthora sojae.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a vital post-transcriptional regulator, is among the most prevalent RNA modifications in eukaryotes. Nevertheless, the biological functions of m6A in oomycetes remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that the PsMTA1 and PsMTA2 genes are orthologs of human METTL4, while the PsMET16 gene is an ortholog of human METTL16.

Type I arginine methyltransferases play crucial roles in development and pathogenesis of Phytophthora capsici.

Phytophthora capsici, a pathogenic oomycete, poses a serious threat to global vegetable production. This study investigated the role of protein arginine methylation, a notable post-translational modification, in the epigenetic regulation of P. capsici.

Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202505000-00027/figure1/v/2024-07-28T173839Z/r/image-tiff Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy. Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after stroke.

The effect of resistance training on patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective of this study is to investigate the beneficial effects of resistance training (RT) on individuals suffering from knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In order to gather relevant studies from the beginning of various databases until January 2023, a comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library. Additionally, manual searches were performed on the reference lists.

Getting to Know Named Entity Recognition: Better Information Retrieval.

Named entity recognition (NER) is a powerful computer system that utilizes various computing strategies to extract information from raw text input, since the early 1990s. With rapid advancement in AI and computing, NER models have gained significant attention and been serving as foundational tools across numerus professional domains to organize unstructured data for research and practical applications. This is particularly evident in the medical and healthcare fields, where NER models are essential in efficiently extract critical information from complex documents that are challenging for manual review.

A novel and ubiquitous miRNA-involved regulatory module ensures precise phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II and proper transcription.

Proper transcription orchestrated by RNA polymerase II (RNPII) is crucial for cellular development, which is rely on the phosphorylation state of RNPII's carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD). Sporangia, developed from mycelia, are essential for the destructive oomycetes Phytophthora, remarkable transcriptional changes are observed during the morphological transition. However, how these changes are rapidly triggered and their relationship with the versatile RNPII-CTD phosphorylation remain enigmatic.

Evaluating the rate of reversal of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression using a novel long-acting naloxone nanoparticle, cNLX-NP.

Introduction: Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs (F/FA) have become increasingly common adulterants in counterfeit prescription pills and illicit street drug mixtures due to their ease of synthesis and exceedingly high potency. The ongoing epidemic of fatal overdoses fueled by F/FA continues to highlight the need for longer-acting therapies than naloxone (NLX), the current gold-standard for reversing opioid overdoses, which shows limited efficacy to prevent renarcotization associated with F/FA toxicity. A novel opioid reversal agent based on covalent naloxone nanoparticles (cNLX-NP) has been shown to blunt fentanyl-induced respiratory depression out to 48 hr, demonstrating its potential therapeutic utility.

N6-methyloxyadenine-mediated detoxification and ferroptosis confer a trade-off between multi-fungicide resistance and fitness.

Multi-fungicide resistance (MFR) is a serious environmental problem, which results in the excessive use of fungicides. Fitness penalty, as a common phenomenon in MFR, can partially counteract the issue of resistance due to the weakened vigor of MFR pathogens. Their underlying mechanism and relationship remain unexplained.

GERWR: Identifying the Key Pathogenicity- Associated sRNAs of Magnaporthe Oryzae Infection in Rice Based on Graph Embedding and Random Walk With Restart.

Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae(M.oryzae), is a destructive rice disease that reduces rice yield by 10% to 30% annually. It also affects other cereal crops such as barley, wheat, rye, millet, sorghum, and maize.

Fabrication of ROS-responsive nanoparticles by modifying the interior pore-wall of mesoporous silica for smart delivery of azoxystrobin.

The suboptimal efficiency in pesticide utilization may elevate residues, posing safety risks to human food and non-target organisms. To address this challenge, delivery systems, such as pathogen infection stimuli-responsive carriers, can be employed to augment the efficiency of fungicide utilization. The bursting of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common defense response of host plants to pathogenic infections.

Prompt Engineers or Librarians? An Exploration.

The article explores the role of "prompt engineers" as a professional title, extending beyond the field of generative AI for developers, comparing certain tasks to the role of librarians, such as conducting search queries. It is possible for librarians to work with AI models in conjunction with traditional literature databases with emphasizing the need to recognize the distinct nature of these information resources. We should take cautious consideration of the specific skills worth acquiring to improve work efficiency, as well as an understanding of the development trends in generative AI and library science.

Do acute and chronic physical activity interventions affect the cognitive function of preschool children? A meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis aims to investigate the effects of acute and chronic physical activity (PA) interventions on multiple domains of cognitive function (CF) in preschool children. Electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and ERIC) were searched for relevant studies between January 2000 and February 2022. Studies that examined the effects of acute or chronic physical activity interventions on CF in preschool children aged 2-6 years were included.

Prediction of Impulsive Aggression Based on Video Images.

In response to the subjectivity, low accuracy, and high concealment of existing attack behavior prediction methods, a video-based impulsive aggression prediction method that integrates physiological parameters and facial expression information is proposed. This method uses imaging equipment to capture video and facial expression information containing the subject's face and uses imaging photoplethysmography (IPPG) technology to obtain the subject's heart rate variability parameters. Meanwhile, the ResNet-34 expression recognition model was constructed to obtain the subject's facial expression information.

Effect of supplementation on growth performance, serum immunity, antioxidant status, and intestinal health in winter fur-growing raccoon dogs ().

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, serum biochemistry, immunity, antioxidant status, and intestinal microbiota of raccoon dogs during the winter fur-growing period.

Methods: Forty-five 135 (±5) day-old male raccoon dogs were randomly assigned to three dietary groups supplemented with 0 (group N), 1 × 10 (group L) and 5 × 10 CFU/g (group H) , with 15 raccoon dogs per group.

Results: The results showed that in groups L and H improved average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed-to-weight ratio (F/G) ( < 0.

Lycium barbarum (Wolfberry) glycopeptide prevents stress-induced anxiety disorders by regulating oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the medial prefrontal cortex.

Background: Lycium barbarum (Wolfberry) extract has been shown to be effective in neuroprotection against aging or neural injury. Knowledge of its potential roles and biological mechanisms in relieving mental disorders, however, remains limited.

Purpose: To investigate the potency of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide (LbGp) in alleviating anxiety disorders and the related biological mechanisms.

ChatGPT, an Opportunity to Understand More About Language Models.

ChatGPT, a leading large language model, has achieved some success beyond previous language models and caught the world's attention since its release in late 2022. Businesses and healthcare professional fields have raised strong interests in investing in large language models to assist various kinds of information searching in their domain of expertise. Under the influence of ChatGPT, searched information may be received in a new personalized chat format, in contrast to the traditional search engines with pages of results for users to evaluate and open.

Distribution and removal mechanism of microplastics in urban wastewater plants systems via different processes.

Microplastic pollution threatens water systems worldwide. As one of the most important parts of city wastewater treatment, wastewater treatment plants are not only microplastics interception barriers but also emission sources. Water samples were collected from each sewage treatment plant stage and sludge from the sludge dewatering room.

Guvermectin, a novel plant growth regulator, can promote the growth and high temperature tolerance of maize.

Guvermectin is a recently discovered microbial N9-glucoside cytokinin compound extracted from NEAU6. Although some research has reported that N9-glucoside cytokinin compounds do not have the activity of cytokinin, it has been noted that guvermectin can promote growth and antifungal activity in . Maize is an important food crop in the world and exploring the effect of guvermectin on this crop could help its cultivation in regions with adverse environmental conditions such as a high temperature.