Cytoplasmic mRNA decay controlling inflammatory gene expression is determined by pre-mRNA fate decision.

The fidelity of immune responses depends on timely controlled and selective mRNA degradation that is largely driven by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). It remains unclear whether stochastic or directed processes govern the selection of an individual mRNA molecule for degradation. Using human and mouse cells, we show that tristetraprolin (TTP, also known as ZFP36), an essential anti-inflammatory RBP, destabilizes target mRNAs via a hierarchical molecular assembly.

Convertible metal-backed glenoid in total shoulder arthroplasty.

Aims: The aim of this study was to report long-term clinical outcomes of a modern convertible metal-backed glenoid (MBG) in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA).

Methods: After a minimum of 15 years, a previously studied cohort of 35 patients who received a modern convertible MBG during the period 1996 to 2005 was contacted for clinical and radiological follow-up. At last follow-up, patients were evaluated radiologically and clinically according to the Constant Score, Simple Shoulder Test, and visual analogue scale for pain.

Patient-Reported Outcomes After Arthroscopic Single-Row Rotator Cuff Repair: A Monocentric Retrospective Study at Minimum 12 Years Follow-Up.

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) is a common procedure, yet long-term patient-centered outcome studies remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of arthroscopic RCR using a single-row metallic anchor technique over a 12-year follow-up, focusing on patient-reported outcomes and potential risk factors. A monocentric cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent complete arthroscopic RCR with a single-row metallic anchor technique from January 2007 to July 2011.

Inverted-bearing reverse shoulder arthroplasty: long-term survivorship, complications, clinical, and radiological outcomes.

Background: Inverted-bearing reverse shoulder arthroplasty (IB-RSA) is characterized by a polyethylene glenosphere and a metallic humeral liner to minimize polyethylene wear and debris secondary to impingement between the humerus and glenoid neck. IB-RSA long-term survivorship, complication and revision rates, as well as clinical and radiographic outcomes have not been reported yet.

Methods: This is a monocentric retrospective study on a consecutive series of 151 patients who underwent primary IB-RSA from January 2009 to September 2015 and were evaluated clinically and radiologically at the minimum 8-year follow-up.

Anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty revision to reverse shoulder arthroplasty using convertible glenoid: a systematic review of clinical and radiological outcomes.

Purpose: The aim of the present systematic review is to collect all the available evidence regarding the clinical and radiological results of revision to reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) of modular anatomic shoulder prostheses (TSA) using a convertible metal-backed glenoid (MBG).

Methods: This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Studies investigating revision of TSA to RSA utilizing a convertible MBG and reporting clinical and radiological outcomes were identified.

Inverted-Bearing Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: Consequences on Scapular Notching and Clinical Results at Mid-Term Follow-Up.

Background: Scapular notching following reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is caused by both biological and mechanical mechanisms. Some authors postulated that osteolysis that extends over the inferior screw is caused mainly by biological notching. Inverted-bearing RSA (IB-RSA) is characterized by a polyethylene glenosphere and a metallic humeral liner, decreasing the poly debris formation and potentially reducing high grades of notching.

Nonredundancy of IL-1α and IL-1β is defined by distinct regulation of tissues orchestrating resistance versus tolerance to infection.

Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and IL-1β are inflammatory cytokines with important roles in health and disease. They trigger the same receptor and elicit comparable cellular responses but, for poorly understood reasons, are not redundant in vivo. Here, we decoupled IL-1α and IL-1β functions that drive protective responses against invasive infection with group A .

Editorial Commentary: Recurrence After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair: What the Instability Severity Index Score Will and Will Not Predict.

The recurrence of shoulder instability is a challenging complication after anterior open or arthroscopic stabilization in patients with glenohumeral instability. Use of the arthroscopic Bankart procedure has increased over the last decade, because of its less invasiveness and low complication rates compared with the Latarjet procedure. However, arthroscopic repair has the possibility of a greater recurrent instability rate.

Do radiolucent lines and stress shielding of the humeral shaft really matter in shoulder arthroplasty?

The purpose of this study is to evaluate at a mid-term follow up, the radiological survival of an uncemented humeral stem in shoulder arthroplasty. One hundred and twenty-six replacements including hemi (HA), total (TSA) and reverse (RSA) implanted from 1999 to 2008 were reviewed at a mean follow up of 7.2 years (48-144 months).

US-guided percutaneous irrigation of calcific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff in patients with or without previous external shockwave therapy.

Objectives: To compare the outcome of US-guided percutaneous irrigation of calcific tendinopathy (US-PICT) of the rotator cuff in patients with or without previous external shockwave therapy (ESWT).

Methods: We analyzed all patients treated with US-PICT from March 1, 2016, to October 1, 2019, with shoulder pain refractory to conservative management for rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy, diagnosed with ultrasound. Each patient was examined using the Constant-Murley Score (CMS) questionnaire (score 0-100) before and after treatment.

Fixed combination of oral NEPA (netupitant-palonosetron) for the prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving multiple cycles of chemotherapy: Efficacy data from 2 randomized, double-blind phase III studies.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of oral NEPA (netupitant-palonosetron 300/0.50 mg) over multiple chemotherapy cycles.

Methods: Two randomized phase III studies evaluated a single dose of oral NEPA given on day 1 in chemotherapy-naive patients receiving anthracycline-cyclophosphamide (AC)-based (Study 1) or highly (HEC)/moderately (MEC) emetogenic chemotherapy (safety Study 2).

Is the Instability Severity Index Score a Valid Tool for Predicting Failure After Primary Arthroscopic Stabilization for Anterior Glenohumeral Instability?

Purpose: To assess the validity of the Instability Severity Index Score in predicting the rate of recurrence of dislocation in patients undergoing arthroscopic Bankart repair.

Methods: The inclusion criteria were recurrent anterior traumatic glenohumeral instability and a minimum follow-up of 5 years. According to the preoperative Instability Severity Index Score, patients were divided into the following groups: ≤3 points (A), 4 to 6 points (B), and >6 points (C).

Efficacy and Safety of Oral NEPA (Netupitant/Palonosetron), the First Fixed-Combination Antiemetic, in Patients With Gynecological Cancers Receiving Platinum-Based Chemotherapy.

Objective: Patients with gynecological cancers are at high risk for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) after platinum-based chemotherapy (CT). NEPA (300-mg netupitant, 0.50-mg palonosetron) is the first oral fixed-combination antiemetic.

Aetiopathogenesis of cuff-tear arthropathy: Could juvenile joint laxity be considered a predisposing factor?

Purpose: Although many hypotheses have been formulated, aetiopathogenesis of cuff-tear arthropathy (CTA) is still motive for discussion. Since prevalence of CTA is notoriously higher in women, as is joint hypermobility, we hypothesised a possible correlation between the two conditions.

Methods: One hundred thirty-three (n = 133) consecutive patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis [48 men, 85 women; mean age (SD) 72.

Natural killer cell-intrinsic type I IFN signaling controls Klebsiella pneumoniae growth during lung infection.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant cause of nosocomial pneumonia and an alarming pathogen owing to the recent isolation of multidrug resistant strains. Understanding of immune responses orchestrating K. pneumoniae clearance by the host is of utmost importance.

Clinical application of MOSkin dosimeters to rectal wall in vivo dosimetry in gynecological HDR brachytherapy.

Purpose: Three MOSkins dosimeters were assembled over a rectal probe and used to perform in vivo dosimetry during HDR brachytherapy treatments of vaginal cancer. The purpose of this study was to verify the applicability of the developed tool to evaluate discrepancies between planned and measured doses to the rectal wall.

Materials And Methods: MOSkin dosimeters from the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics are particularly suitable for brachytherapy procedures for their ability to be easily incorporated into treatment instrumentation.

NEPA, a fixed oral combination of netupitant and palonosetron, improves control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) over multiple cycles of chemotherapy: results of a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial versus oral palonosetron.

Purpose: Antiemetic guidelines recommend co-administration of targeted prophylactic medications inhibiting molecular pathways involved in emesis. NEPA is a fixed oral combination of a new NK receptor antagonist (RA), netupitant (NETU 300 mg), and palonosetron (PALO 0.50 mg), a pharmacologically distinct 5-HT RA.

The lipid habitats of neurotransmitter receptors in brain.

Neurotransmitter receptors, the macromolecules specialized in decoding the chemical signals encrypted in the chemical signaling mechanism in the nervous system, occur either at the somatic cell surface of chemically excitable cells or at specialized subcellular structures, the synapses. Synapses have lipid compositions distinct from the rest of the cell membrane, suggesting that neurotransmitter receptors and their scaffolding and adaptor protein partners require specific lipid habitats for optimal operation. In this review we discuss some paradigmatic cases of neurotransmitter receptor-lipid interactions, highlighting the chemical nature of the intervening lipid species and providing examples of the receptor mechanisms affected by interaction with lipids.

In vivo rectal wall measurements during HDR prostate brachytherapy with MOSkin dosimeters integrated on a trans-rectal US probe: Comparison with planned and reconstructed doses.

Background And Purpose: To study if MOSkin detectors coupled to a trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) probe may be used for in vivo dosimetry on the rectal wall surface during US-based HDR prostate brachytherapy and to quantify possible discrepancies between planned and delivered doses.

Materials And Methods: MOSkins are a specific type of MOSFET dosimeter optimized to measure dose in steep dose gradients on interfaces. Two MOSkins were assembled on a TRUS probe used for on-line treatment planning.

Efficacy and safety of oral palonosetron compared with IV palonosetron administered with dexamethasone for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with solid tumors receiving cisplatin-based highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC).

Purpose: This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of oral palonosetron with intravenous (IV) palonosetron for the prevention of cisplatin-related chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).

Methods: A multinational, randomized, double-blind study enrolling adult chemotherapy-naive patients with malignant solid tumors scheduled to receive cisplatin-based highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). Patients received oral palonosetron (0.

Targeting brain α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Alzheimer's disease: rationale and current status.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older persons. Pathognomonic hallmarks of the disease include the development of amyloid senile plaques and deposits of neurofibrillary tangles. These changes occur in the brain long before the clinical manifestations of AD (cognitive impairment in particular) become apparent.

A phase III study evaluating the safety and efficacy of NEPA, a fixed-dose combination of netupitant and palonosetron, for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting over repeated cycles of chemotherapy.

Background: Safe, effective and convenient antiemetic regimens that preserve benefit over repeated cycles are needed for optimal supportive care during cancer treatment. NEPA, an oral fixed-dose combination of netupitant, a highly selective NK1 receptor antagonist (RA), and palonosetron (PALO), a distinct 5-HT3 RA, was shown to be superior to PALO in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting after a single cycle of highly (HEC) or moderately (MEC) emetogenic chemotherapy in recent trials. This study was designed primarily to assess the safety but also to evaluate the efficacy of NEPA over multiple cycles of HEC and MEC.

A randomized phase III study evaluating the efficacy and safety of NEPA, a fixed-dose combination of netupitant and palonosetron, for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.

Background: Antiemetic guidelines recommend co-administration of agents that target multiple molecular pathways involved in emesis to maximize prevention and control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). NEPA is a new oral fixed-dose combination of 300 mg netupitant, a highly selective NK1 receptor antagonist (RA) and 0.50 mg palonosetron (PALO), a pharmacologically and clinically distinct 5-HT3 RA, which targets dual antiemetic pathways.

Measurements of gamma dose and thermal neutron fluence in phantoms exposed to a BNCT epithermal beam with TLD-700.

Gamma dose and thermal neutron fluence in a phantom exposed to an epithermal neutron beam for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) can be measured by means of a single thermoluminescence dosemeter (TLD-700). The method exploits the shape of the glow curve (GC) and requires the gamma-calibration GC (to obtain gamma dose) and the thermal-neutron-calibration GC (to obtain neutron fluence). The method is applicable for BNCT dosimetry in case of epithermal neutron beams from a reactor because, in most irradiation configurations, thermal neutrons give a not negligible contribution to the TLD-700 GC.