Polystyrene microplastic exposure modulates gut microbiota and gut-liver axis in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata).

Microplastics (MPs) are a threat of growing concern for living organisms as they exist in all ecosystems. The bidirectional communication between the gut, its microbiota, and the liver, has been conceptualized as gut-liver axis and may be influenced by environmental factors. MPs can cause intestinal and hepatic injuries, but there is still limited research exploring their impact on gut-liver axis.

Pine needle abortions in cattle due to consumption of Pinus ponderosa in Argentina: Case reports.

Two outbreaks of pine needle abortions in cattle are here reported for the first time in Argentina. The cases occurred in Chubut and Neuquén provinces in the Patagonia region, causing 29.6% and 9% of abortions in each herd respectively.

Antimicrobial activity of lipids extracted from Hermetia illucens reared on different substrates.

As the problem of antimicrobial resistance is constantly increasing, there is a renewed interest in antimicrobial products derived from natural sources, particularly obtained from innovative and eco-friendly materials. Insect lipids, due to their fatty acid composition, can be classified as natural antimicrobial compounds. In order to assess the antibacterial efficacy of Hermetia illucens lipids, we extracted this component from the larval stage, fed on different substrates and we characterized it.

Exhibits Interindividual Differences in Behavioural and Problem-Solving Performance.

By presenting individual with an extractive foraging problem with a puzzle box, we examined the possible correlation between behavioural performances (e.g., ease of adaptation to captive conditions, prevalence of neophobic and neophilic behaviours, and propensity to learn individually or by observing conspecifics), biotic (body and brain size, age, sex) and abiotic (seasonality and place of origin) factors.

Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Isolated from Healthy Pet Rabbits.

is a ubiquitous microorganism and an opportunistic pathogen responsible for numerous diseases in humans and animals, characterized by different clinical pictures with acute or subacute course. , due to its great adaptability and versatility in terms of infections and hosts, can be considered a relevant pathogen because of the harmful effects on animal health and its potential for transmission from animals to humans and vice versa. In recent years, a marked increase in multidrug-resistant has been reported, posing a serious threat for disease management, food safety, and animal and human health as they limit available therapeutic options.

SARS-CoV-2 Affects Both Humans and Animals: What Is the Potential Transmission Risk? A Literature Review.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization Department declared the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic, as a consequence of its rapid spread on all continents. The COVID-19 pandemic has been not only a health emergency but also a serious general problem as fear of contagion and severe restrictions put economic and social activity on hold in many countries. Considering the close link between human and animal health, COVID-19 might infect wild and companion animals, and spawn dangerous viral mutants that could jump back and pose an ulterior threat to us.

Prevalence and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance among ESKAPE Bacteria and Enterobacterales Strains in Wild Birds.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a current public health issue globally. To counter this phenomenon and prioritize AMR in the health sector, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a list of bacterial pathogens against which the development of new antimicrobial agents is urgently needed, designating the ESKAPE pathogens (i.e.

Research Note: Cecal microbiota harbored by free-range chickens may influence the reduction of Helicobacter pullorum relative abundance.

Helicobacter pullorum is recognized as an emerging food-borne pathogen that may colonize the intestinal tract and the liver of avian species and humans causing several gastrointestinal and liver diseases. However, not all strains are reported to be capable of causing clinical disease, thus making poultry as reservoir for the zoonotic transmission of the infection through carcass contamination of broilers at slaughter. In poultry, the prevalence of this bacterium could be underestimated and the available data mainly refer to conventional rearing systems, whereas free-range and organic breedings have been poorly investigated.

Detection and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Species of Circovirus in a Tawny Owl () in Southern Italy.

Thanks to recent developments in molecular methods, many new species have been discovered within the genus , which comprises viruses of veterinary relevance found in a broad range of hosts. In particular, several circoviruses are known to infect birds, often causing immunosuppression and feathering disorders. Nonetheless, nothing is known about their circulation in birds of prey.

Non-Invasive Assessment of the Seasonal Stress Response to Veterinary Procedures and Transportation of Zoo-Housed Lesser Anteater ().

Management procedures affect behavioural and physiological stress responses of wild mammals under human care. According to the Reactive Scope Model, normal values are presumed to exist within predictive and reactive ranges. First, stress parameters of zoo-housed adult were evaluated in winter and summer (29 days each), determining the level of behaviour and/or physiological parameters needed to respond to predictable environmental changes.

Ensiled biomass of Solaris tobacco variety used as forage: chemical characteristics and effects on growth, welfare, and follow-up of Holstein heifers.

This study examined the use of an innovative tobacco variety, Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Solaris, as forage.

Presence of and in Dogs under Training for Animal-Assisted Therapies.

This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of (C.) and in dogs at five dog training centers in Southern Italy. A total of 550 animals were sampled by collecting rectal swabs.

Insect Derived Lauric Acid as Promising Alternative Strategy to Antibiotics in the Antimicrobial Resistance Scenario.

Antibiotic misuse is greatly contributing to an increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans and animals. Natural and synthetic alternative strategies are being investigated in human and veterinary medicine, but little attention is paid to the antimicrobial effects of edible lipids, such as medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and monoglycerides. Among MCFAs, lauric acid (LA) and its monoglyceride derivative, glycerol monolaurate (GML), exhibit the strongest antimicrobial activity.

Cerebrotypes in Cephalopods: Brain Diversity and Its Correlation With Species Habits, Life History, and Physiological Adaptations.

Here we analyze existing quantitative data available for cephalopod brains based on classical contributions by J.Z. Young and colleagues, to cite some.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Yellow-Legged Gulls () in Southern Italy.

Wild birds may host and spread pathogens, integrating the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Particularly, spp. have been described as responsible for the spread of many enteric diseases, primarily because of their large populations at landfill sites.

DNA Methylation Profiles of and in Gut and Brain of -Treated .

The bidirectional microbiota-gut-brain axis has raised increasing interest over the past years in the context of health and disease, but there is a lack of information on molecular mechanisms underlying this connection. We hypothesized that change in microbiota composition may affect brain epigenetics leading to long-lasting effects on specific brain gene regulation. To test this hypothesis, we used (Danio Rerio) as a model system.

Antimicrobial Resistance of and from Companion Birds.

Antimicrobial resistance is a public health concern worldwide and it is largely attributed to the horizontal exchange of transferable genetic elements such as plasmids carrying integrons. Several studies have been conducted on livestock showing a correlation between the systemic use of antibiotics and the onset of resistant bacterial strains. In contrast, although companion birds are historically considered as an important reservoir for human health threats, little information on the antimicrobial resistance in these species is available in the literature.

Fatal stagger poisoning by consumption of Festuca argentina (Speg.) Parodi in goats from Argentine Patagonia.

The present study describes the spontaneous and experimental poisoning of goats by Festuca argentina in Argentine Patagonia. In April 2017, eight seven-month-old Creole male goats were accidentally introduced into a paddock that contained F. argentina.

Fecal Sample Collection Method for Wild Birds-Associated Microbiome Research: Perspectives for Wildlife Studies.

Gut microbial communities play important roles in host health, modulating development, nutrient acquisition, immune and metabolic regulation, behavior and diseases. Wildlife microbiome studies and host-microbe interaction and exploration might be an important goal for evolutionary biology, conservation, and ecology. Therefore, collection and sampling methods must be considered before choosing a microbiome-based research plan.

Diagnosis of Infection in Zebrafish () in Italy: A Window to a New Globalization-Derived Invasive Microorganism.

is a digenetic trematode with a complex life cycle, involving invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, humans included. In particular, it causes gill lesions and mortality in freshwater fish species, and gastrointestinal symptoms in infected humans. Here, we describe the occurrence of infection in zebrafish imported in Italy and propose a newly designed species-specific primer pair to ameliorate the diagnostic investigations for .

A standardized battery of tests to measure Octopus vulgaris' behavioural performance.

Here we introduce a series of behavioural tasks to assess inter-individual variability in behaviours exhibited by the cephalopod mollusc Octopus vulgaris. We propose that, by using octopus' predatory behavioural response, it is possible to measure: (1) the ability to adapt to the captive condition (acclimatization), (2) the response towards novel stimuli (neophobia), (3) the capability of social learning, (4) the ability of solving problems (problem solving), and (5) the response to artificial stimuli (preferences, individual learning). To assure comparability and reproducibility of results, this battery of tests is here applied to a large sample of individuals in standardized experimental conditions.

Gastrointestinal investigation of parasites and Enterobacteriaceae in loggerhead sea turtles from Italian coasts.

Background: Caretta caretta is the most abundant sea turtle species in the Mediterranean, and studies on this species have vastly expanded during recent years, including those investigating gut bacterial and parasitic communities. Members of these communities have been reported with variable prevalence and pathogenicity, mainly depending on their host and environment (e.g.

Microbiological survey of sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) kept as pets in Italy.

The sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) is a small, arboreal, nocturnal, gliding mammalian possum belonging to the marsupial infraclass. Exotic marsupials, including sugar gliders, are becoming popular companion pets and, consequently, the risk of potential infections that can be transmitted to humans should be investigated. Data on the role of the sugar glider as a possible carrier of pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria are scarce and fragmentary.