Repeatability of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy in Normal Subjects With Mydriasis.

Purpose: We evaluate the repeatability of fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) in normal subjects with mydriasis and explore factors that influence FLIO imaging.

Method: Thirty-two healthy participants (63 eyes) were enrolled in this prospective study. The Heidelberg Engineering FLIO system uses a 473 nm blue laser light and the emitted fluorescence is detected in two wavelength channels, short and long spectral channels (SSC, LSC).

Subretinal pseudocyst: A novel optical coherence tomography finding in age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To report the presence of a new structural optical coherence tomography finding, namely, subretinal pseudocysts, in a patient affected by age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: Case report including multimodal imaging discussion.

Case Report: We report a case of a 77-year-old woman affected by age-related macular degeneration from 7 years.

Anatomical and functional changes in neovascular AMD in remission: comparison of fibrocellular and fibrovascular phenotypes.

Purpose: To investigate the anatomical changes and the macular function in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes, according to the recognition of either fibrocellular or fibrovascular phenotype.

Methods: We enrolled eyes with previously treated neovascular AMD in remission (no subretinal haemorrhage, sign of fluid in or under the retina and no treatment for at least 6 months). Subjects underwent multimodal imaging assessment and were tested for macular sensitivity using microperimetry.

PHOTORECEPTOR DAMAGE IN DIABETIC CHOROIDOPATHY.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between choriocapillaris (CC) hypoperfusion and photoreceptor alterations in eyes with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

Methods: In this prospective, observational, case-control study, 30 eyes (30 patients) with NPDR and 30 healthy eyes from 30 controls were enrolled at the University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.

EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE IN EYES WITH VITREOMACULAR TRACTION.

Purpose: To describe the occurrence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) in eyes with vitreomacular traction and to correlate the presence of ERM with retinal structural alterations detected using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Methods: In this retrospective observational cross-sectional study, we collected data from 502 eyes (307 patients) with diagnosis of vitreomacular traction. The presence of ERM and retinal lesions (cystoid cavities, neuroepithelial detachment, external limiting membrane, and ellipsoid zone discontinuity) was determined by standardized grading of macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans.

A Comparison Among Different Automatically Segmented Slabs to Assess Neovascular AMD using Swept Source OCT Angiography.

Purpose: We systematically compare the intermodality and interreader agreement in age-related macular degeneration(AMD)-associated neovascularization assessment for optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images obtained using different slabs.

Methods: We collected data from 48 patients (50 eyes) with type 1 or 2 neovascularization (NV) and AMD. Subjects were imaged with a swept source (SS)-OCTA system.

A pilot study of fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: To investigate fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) findings in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: This prospective, observational study enrolled patients with early AD undergoing Alzheimer's biomarker analysis and matched controls. Alzheimer-associated parameters (β-amyloid [Aβ], total tau in cerebrospinal fluid [CSF], Mini-Mental Status Examination [MMSE], etc.

Quantitative Analysis of Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Parameters in Patients With Low Tension Glaucoma.

Unlabelled: PRéCIS:: By using OCT-A, we observed a reduction of the superficial macular, peripapillary, and optic nerve, as well as the choriocapillaris in eyes with low tension glaucoma, compared with normal controls.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate macular and optic disc vascular parameters in patients with low tension glaucoma (LTG) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, images were prospectively acquired from both eyes of 26 patients with clinically diagnosed LTG and 22 age-matched volunteers with normal healthy eyes using the Zeiss swept-source (SS) OCTA (Plex Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec).

Pearls and Pitfalls of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Imaging: A Review.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has significantly expanded our knowledge of the ocular vasculature. Furthermore, this imaging modality has been widely adopted to investigate different ocular and systemic diseases. In this review, a discussion of the fundamental principles of OCTA is followed by the application of this imaging modality to study the retinal and choroidal vessels.

Choriocapillaris flow impairment surrounding geographic atrophy correlates with disease progression.

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between the choriocapillaris (CC) flow alterations around geographic atrophy (GA) and the GA yearly growth rate (yGR) in patients with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and SD-OCT angiography images of consecutive patients with GA acquired using the Cirrus OCT at the Doheny Eye Centers between 2015 and 2017. All eligible patients had one 6 x 6 mm OCTA scan acquired during the first visit (considered as baseline) and two fovea-centered 512 x 128 macular cubes (6 x 6 mm) acquired at baseline and after a minimum of 12 months.

Functional and morphological changes of the retinal vessels in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Imaging and histopathological studies have demonstrated that structural changes of the retina affect subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate the retinal vessels in these disorders, using dynamic vessel analyzer (DVA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) analysis. Twelve subjects with AD, 12 subjects with MCI, and 32 gender- and age-matched controls were prospectively enrolled.

Impact of mydriasis in fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is a novel technique that measures in vivo autofluorescence intensity decay over time of endogenous fluorophores in the retina. The Heidelberg Engineering FLIO system was used to obtain two 30 degree scans centered on the fovea of both eyes. The FLIO system uses a 473nm blue scanning laser light source and the emitted fluorescence is detected in two wavelengths channels, short and long spectral channels (SSC, LSC).

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: Shifting our attention to the macula.

Purpose: Peripapillary vascular alterations have been classically described as hallmarks of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). We recently demonstrated microvascular pathology involving the macula in patients affected with chronic LHON using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Macular vascular pathology in acute LHON has not previously been reported.

Topographic distribution of choriocapillaris flow deficits in healthy eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the topographic distribution of the choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficits in a population of healthy subjects.

Methods: Using a swept-source optical-coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) device, two repeated volume 6 x 6 mm and 3 x 3 mm scans were acquired in healthy subjects at the Doheny-UCLA Eye Centers. The en-face CC angiogram was binarized and analyzed for percentage of flow deficits (FD%) using a grid of progressive, concentric rings covering a circular area with a diameter of 2.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis with antiepileptic drugs: An analysis of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

Objective: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare and potentially fatal adverse skin reactions that are most commonly triggered by certain medications. One class of medications that has been highly associated with SJS/TEN reactions is antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). We sought to quantify the risk of SJS/TEN associated with AEDs as a class, as well as individual AEDs, in the United States.

Quantitative changes in the ageing choriocapillaris as measured by swept source optical coherence tomography angiography.

Aim: To analyse quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters of choriocapillaris (CC) at the foveal, perifoveal and parafoveal regions in healthy subjects of different age.

Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, consecutive healthy subjects underwent swept source OCTA (PLEX Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec, USA). 3×3 mm and 6×6 mm scans centred on the fovea were acquired analysed and postprocessed with thresholding and binarisation processes.

Atlas of Circadian Metabolism Reveals System-wide Coordination and Communication between Clocks.

Metabolic diseases are often characterized by circadian misalignment in different tissues, yet how altered coordination and communication among tissue clocks relate to specific pathogenic mechanisms remains largely unknown. Applying an integrated systems biology approach, we performed 24-hr metabolomics profiling of eight mouse tissues simultaneously. We present a temporal and spatial atlas of circadian metabolism in the context of systemic energy balance and under chronic nutrient stress (high-fat diet [HFD]).

Pharmacotherapeutic management of macular edema in diabetic subjects undergoing cataract surgery.

Introduction: Cataracts and diabetes are widespread pathologies that are of growing concern to the global population. In diabetic patients who have had cataract surgery, the worsening of preexisting diabetic macular edema or occurrence of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema are common causes of visual impairment even with the most advanced surgical techniques available today for phacoemulsification.

Areas Covered: In this review, the authors assess the available literature to evaluate and compare different drugs, with the aim of establishing the best pharmacological strategies for the prevention and treatment of macular edema in diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery.

VISUAL FUNCTION AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FEATURES IN CHILDREN BORN PRETERM.

Purpose: Preterm children have an increased risk of impaired vision from retinopathy, strabismus, and high refractive error. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between foveal parameters generated by optical coherence tomography angiography and visual function in preterm children.

Methods: Eighty eyes (32 eyes of former preterm infants and 48 age-matched full-term control eyes) were analyzed.

Publisher Correction: Variations in Dysbindin-1 are associated with cognitive response to antipsychotic drug treatment.

In the original version of this Article, references in the Methods section incorrectly referred to references in the Supplementary References section. The relevant references (now numbered 20, 27, 42, 47, 69-80) have been removed from the Supplementary References section of the Supplementary Information file and added to the References section of the main manuscript, in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Choriocapillaris impairment around the atrophic lesions in patients with geographic atrophy: a swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography study.

Aims: To evaluate the choriocapillaris (CC) flow alterations around geographic atrophy (GA) in eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: Using a swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) device, two volume 6×6 mm scans were acquired in patients with GA presenting between June and December 2017 at the Doheny-UCLA Eye Centers. The area of GA was delineated on the structural OCT fundus images.

Topographic Analysis of the Choriocapillaris in Intermediate Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To quantitate regional differences in the choriocapillaris (CC) of patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD), using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) imaging.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Subjects were imaged with the SS-OCTA system (PLEX Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc, Dublin, California, USA).

OCT angiography and evaluation of the choroid and choroidal vascular disorders.

The recent introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has remarkably expanded our knowledge of the choroid through in vivo investigation of the anatomical and pathological features of this important vascular layer. New insights elucidating the morphological features of the choroid, in both physiological and pathological conditions, indicate that this vascular structure plays a crucial role in many chorioretinal disorders. In this article, a review of the salient histological and anatomical features of the choroid, essential for the proper interpretation of in vivo imaging, is followed by a discussion of the fundamental principles of OCTA and the application of this advanced imaging modality to study and understand the choroid.