Revitalization of Soil Contaminated by Petroleum Products Using Materials That Improve the Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties of the Soil.

One of the key challenges in environmental protection is the reclamation of soils degraded by organic pollutants. Effective revitalization of such soils can contribute to improving the climate and the quality of feed and food, mainly by eliminating harmful substances from the food chain and by cultivating plants for energy purposes. To this end, research was carried out using two sorbents, vermiculite and agrobasalt, to detoxify soils contaminated with diesel oil and unleaded gasoline, using maize as an energy crop.

The expanding roles of myonuclei in adult skeletal muscle health and function.

Skeletal muscle cells (myofibers) require multiple nuclei to support a cytoplasmic volume that is larger than other mononuclear cell types. It is dogmatic that mammalian resident myonuclei rely on stem cells (specifically satellite cells) for adding new DNA to muscle fibers to facilitate cytoplasmic expansion that occurs during muscle growth. In this review, we discuss the relationship between cell size and supporting genetic material.

Numbers of Exchangeable Hydrogens from LC-MS Data of Heavy Water Metabolically Labeled Samples.

Labeling with deuterium oxide (DO) has emerged as one of the preferred approaches for measuring the synthesis of individual proteins in vivo. In these experiments, the synthesis rates of proteins are determined by modeling mass shifts in peptides during the labeling period. This modeling depends on a theoretical maximum enrichment determined by the number of labeling sites () of each amino acid in the peptide sequence.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Innovative Sorbents in Restoring Enzymatic Activity of Soil Contaminated with Bisphenol A (BPA).

As part of the multifaceted strategies developed to shape the common environmental policy, considerable attention is now being paid to assessing the degree of environmental degradation in soil under xenobiotic pressure. Bisphenol A (BPA) has only been marginally investigated in this ecosystem context. Therefore, research was carried out to determine the biochemical properties of soils contaminated with BPA at two levels of contamination: 500 mg and 1000 mg BPA kg d.

Metformin treatment results in distinctive skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling in rats with different intrinsic aerobic capacities.

The rationale for the use of metformin as a treatment to slow aging was largely based on data collected from metabolically unhealthy individuals. For healthspan extension metformin will also be used in periods of good health. To understand the potential context specificity of metformin treatment on skeletal muscle, we used a rat model (high-capacity runner/low-capacity runner [HCR/LCR]) with a divide in intrinsic aerobic capacity.

Metformin treatment results in distinctive skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling in rats with different intrinsic aerobic capacities.

The rationale for the use of metformin as a treatment to slow aging was largely based on data collected from metabolically unhealthy individuals. For healthspan extension metformin will also be used in periods of good health. To understand potential context specificity of metformin treatment on skeletal muscle, we used a rat model (HCR/LCR) with a divide in intrinsic aerobic capacity.

Senolytic treatment does not mitigate oxidative stress-induced muscle atrophy but improves muscle force generation in CuZn superoxide dismutase knockout mice.

Oxidative stress is associated with tissue dysfunctions that can lead to reduced health. Prior work has shown that oxidative stress contributes to both muscle atrophy and cellular senescence, which is a hallmark of aging that may drive in muscle atrophy and muscle contractile dysfunction. The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that cellular senescence contributes to muscle atrophy or weakness.

17α-Estradiol alleviates high-fat diet-induced inflammatory and metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle of male and female mice.

17α-estradiol (17α-E2) is a naturally occurring nonfeminizing diastereomer of 17β-estradiol that has life span-extending effects in rodent models. To date, studies of the systemic and tissue-specific benefits of 17α-E2 have largely focused on the liver, brain, and white adipose tissue with far less focus on skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle has an important role in metabolic and age-related disease.

High-fat diet increases electron transfer flavoprotein synthesis and lipid respiration in skeletal muscle during exercise training in female mice.

High-fat diet (HFD) and exercise remodel skeletal muscle mitochondria. The electron transfer flavoproteins (ETF) transfer reducing equivalents from β-oxidation into the electron transfer system. Exercise may stimulate the synthesis of ETF proteins to increase lipid respiration.

Psychometric Properties of a Machine Learning-Based Patient-Reported Outcome Measure on Medication Adherence: Single-Center, Cross-Sectional, Observational Study.

Background: Medication adherence plays a critical role in controlling the evolution of chronic disease, as low medication adherence may lead to worse health outcomes, higher mortality, and morbidity. Assessment of their patients' medication adherence by clinicians is essential for avoiding inappropriate therapeutic intensification, associated health care expenditures, and the inappropriate inclusion of patients in time- and resource-consuming educational interventions. In both research and clinical practices the most extensively used measures of medication adherence are patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), because of their ability to capture subjective dimensions of nonadherence.

Bisphenols-A Threat to the Natural Environment.

Negative public sentiment built up around bisphenol A (BPA) follows growing awareness of the frequency of this chemical compound in the environment. The increase in air, water, and soil contamination by BPA has also generated the need to replace it with less toxic analogs, such as Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS). However, due to the structural similarity of BPF and BPS to BPA, questions arise about the safety of their usage.

Bacteria, Fungi, and Enzymes in Soil Treated with Sulcotrione and Terbuthylazine.

Soil's biological equilibrium, disturbed by the uncontrolled penetration of pesticides, can be restored by the activity of native microorganisms, which show abilities in neutralizing these xenobiotics. Therefore, this research is necessary in the search for new microorganisms used in the process of the bioremediation of contaminated soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the herbicides, Sulcogan 300 SC, Tezosar 500 SC, and Sulcotrek 500 SC, applied to soil at the manufacturers' recommended dosage as well as 10-fold higher, on the abundance of microorganisms, the diversity and structure of bacterial and fungal communities, the activity of soil enzymes, and the growth and development of L.

Water-soluble pristine C fullerenes attenuate isometric muscle force reduction in a rat acute inflammatory pain model.

Background: Being a scavenger of free radicals, C fullerenes can influence on the physiological processes in skeletal muscles, however, the effect of such carbon nanoparticles on muscle contractility under acute muscle inflammation remains unclear. Thus, the aim of the study was to reveal the effect of the C fullerene aqueous solution (CFAS) on the muscle contractile properties under acute inflammatory pain.

Methods: To induce inflammation a 2.

Body composition assessment of people with overweight/obesity with a simplified magnetic resonance imaging method.

To develop a simplified magnetic resonance imaging method (MRI) to assess total adipose tissue (AT) and adipose tissue free mass (ATFM) from three single MRI slices in people with overweight/obesity in order to implement body composition follow-up in a clinical research setting. Body composition of 310 participants (70 women and 240 men, age: 50.8 ± 10.

17α-estradiol Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammatory and Metabolic Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle of Male and Female Mice.

Skeletal muscle has a central role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), a naturally-occurring non-feminizing diastereomer of 17β-estradiol that demonstrates efficacy for improving metabolic outcomes in male, but not female, mice. Despite several lines of evidence showing that 17α-E2 treatment improves metabolic parameters in middle-aged obese and old male mice through effects in brain, liver, and white adipose tissue little is known about how 17α-E2 alters skeletal muscle metabolism, and what role this may play in mitigating metabolic declines.

Microbial Diversity and Enzyme Activity as Indicators of Permethrin-Exposed Soil Health.

Owing to their wide range of applications in the control of ticks and insects in horticulture, forestry, agriculture and food production, pyrethroids pose a significant threat to the environment, including a risk to human health. Hence, it is extremely important to gain a sound understanding of the response of plants and changes in the soil microbiome induced by permethrin. The purpose of this study has been to show the diversity of microorganisms, activity of soil enzymes and growth of following the application of permethrin.

The Usability of Sorbents in Restoring Enzymatic Activity in Soils Polluted with Petroleum-Derived Products.

Due to their ability to adsorb or absorb chemical pollutants, including organic compounds, sorbents are increasingly used in the reclamation of soils subjected to their pressure, which results from their high potential in eliminating xenobiotics. The precise optimization of the reclamation process is required, focused primarily on restoring the condition of the soil. This research are essential for seeking materials sufficiently potent to accelerate the remediation process and for expanding knowledge related to biochemical transformations that lead to the neutralization of these pollutants.

Skeletal and cardiac muscle have different protein turnover responses in a model of right heart failure.

Right heart failure (RHF) is a common and deadly disease in aged populations. Extra-cardiac outcomes of RHF such as skeletal muscle atrophy contribute to morbidity and mortality. Despite the significance of maintaining right ventricular (RV) and muscle function, the mechanisms of RHF and muscle atrophy are unclear.

Kinetic proteomics identifies targeted changes in liver metabolism and the ribo-interactome by dietary sulfur amino acid restriction.

Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) protects against diet-induced obesity, extends healthspan, and coincides with an overall reduction in hepatic protein synthesis. To explore the underpinnings of SAAR-induced slowed growth and its impact on liver metabolism and proteostasis, we resolved changes in hepatic mRNA and protein abundances and compared synthesis rates of individual liver proteins. To achieve this, adult male mice were provided deuterium-labeled drinking water while freely consuming either a regular-fat or high-fat diet that was SAA restricted.

The Effect of Spring Barley Fertilization on the Content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Microbial Counts and Enzymatic Activity in Soil.

Soil-dwelling microorganisms play an important role in the environment by decomposing organic matter, degrading toxic compounds and participating in the nutrient cycle. The microbiological properties of soil are determined mainly by the soil pH, granulometric composition, temperature and organic carbon content. In agricultural soils, these parameters are modified by agronomic operations, in particular fertilization.

The Impact of Permethrin and Cypermethrin on Plants, Soil Enzyme Activity, and Microbial Communities.

Pyrethroids are insecticides most commonly used for insect control to boost agricultural production. The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of permethrin and cypermethrin on cultured and non-cultivated bacteria and fungi and on the activity of soil enzymes, as well as to determine the usefulness of in mitigating the adverse effects of the tested pyrethroids on the soil microbiome. The analyses were carried out in the samples of both soil not sown with any plant and soil sown with .

Sensitivity of and Soil Microorganisms to the Toxic Effect of Chromium (VI).

Chromium is used in many settings, and hence, it can easily enter the natural environment. It exists in several oxidation states. In soil, depending on its oxidation-reduction potential, it can occur in bivalent, trivalent or hexavalent forms.