The effects of emotional stimuli on Word retrieval in people with aphasia.

Purpose: Prior studies have shown that people with aphasia (PWA) have demonstrated superior language performance for emotional compared to nonemotional stimuli on a range of tasks, including auditory comprehension, verbal pragmatics, repetition, reading, and writing. However, studies on word retrieval, specifically, have suggested a possible interference effect of emotion on naming. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the emotional valence of stimuli on word retrieval in a series of naming tasks in PWA.

Mood and emotional disorders associated with parkinsonism, Huntington disease, and other movement disorders.

This chapter provides a review of mood, emotional disorders, and emotion processing deficits associated with diseases that cause movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism, Huntington's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia. For each disorder, a clinical description of the common signs and symptoms, disease progression, and epidemiology is provided. Then the mood and emotional disorders associated with each of these diseases are described and discussed in terms of clinical presentation, incidence, prevalence, and alterations in quality of life.

Effects of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT® LOUD) on hypomimia in Parkinson's disease.

Given associations between facial movement and voice, the potential of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) to alleviate decreased facial expressivity, termed hypomimia, in Parkinson's disease (PD) was examined. Fifty-six participants--16 PD participants who underwent LSVT, 12 PD participants who underwent articulation treatment (ARTIC), 17 untreated PD participants, and 11 controls without PD--produced monologues about happy emotional experiences at pre- and post-treatment timepoints ("T1" and "T2," respectively), 1 month apart. The groups of LSVT, ARTIC, and untreated PD participants were matched on demographic and health status variables.

Neural substrates of verbal memory impairments in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Verbal memory impairment is well documented in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but, to date, the neural substrates remain unclear. The present study evaluated verbal memory and ascertained the degree of frontal and temporal lobe involvement in the anticipated verbal memory impairment among adults with T2DM.

Method: Forty-six late-middle-aged and elderly adults with T2DM and 50 age-, sex-, and education-matched adults without T2DM underwent medical evaluation, verbal memory assessment, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations.

Differential role of dopamine in emotional attention and memory: evidence from Parkinson's disease.

Consistent with the hypothesis that dopamine is implicated in the processing of salient stimuli relevant to the modification of various behavioral responses, Parkinson's disease is associated with emotional blunting. To address the hypothesis that emotional attention and memory are modulated by dopaminergic neurotransmission in Parkinson's disease, we assessed 15 nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease while on and off dopaminergic medication and 15 age-matched healthy controls. Visual stimuli were presented, and recognition was used to assess emotional memory.

Preserved emotional modulation of motor response time despite psychomotor slowing in young-old adults.

Whereas aging affects cognitive and psychomotor processes negatively, the impact of aging on emotional processing is less clear. Using an "old-new" binary decision task, we ascertained the modulation of response latencies after presentation of neutral and emotional pictures in "young" (M = 27.1 years) and "young-old" adults with a mean age below 60 (M = 57.

Emotional processing affects movement speed.

Emotions can affect various aspects of human behavior. The impact of emotions on behavior is traditionally thought to occur at central, cognitive and motor preparation stages. Using EMG to measure the effects of emotion on movement, we found that emotional stimuli differing in valence and arousal elicited highly specific effects on peripheral movement time.

EEG hemispheric asymmetries during cognitive tasks in depressed patients with high versus low trait anxiety.

Studies of regional hemispheric asymmetries point to relatively less activity in left frontal and right posterior regions in depression. Anxiety was associated with increased right posterior activity, which may be related to arousal and, in anxious-depressed individuals, offset the posterior asymmetry typically seen in depression. These asymmetries have been indexed by resting EEG or inferred through the use of lateralized auditory and visual tasks (e.

Emotional and neutral declarative memory impairments and associated white matter microstructural abnormalities in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Declarative memory impairment is frequently reported among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who also demonstrate hippocampal volume reduction. Our goals were to ascertain whether emotional memory, which is mediated by neural circuits overlapping those of declarative memory, is also affected. In addition we wanted to characterize cerebral white matter (WM) involvement in T2DM.

Depression in Parkinson's disease: health risks, etiology, and treatment options.

Depression is found in about 30%-40% of all patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but only a small percentage (about 20%) receive treatment. As a consequence, many PD patients suffer with reduced health-related quality of life. To address quality of life in depressed PD patients, we reviewed the literature on the health correlates of depression in PD (eg, cognitive function), etiology of depression in PD, and treatment options (ie, antidepressants, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychotherapy).

Dopaminergic modulation of emotional memory in Parkinson's disease.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dopaminergic treatment on emotional memory in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We tested memory for emotional and neutral visual stimuli in ten non-demented PD patients on and off dopaminergic medication. Patients recalled significantly more emotional items during the off- than on-medication testing session.

The effects of antidepressants in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.

This study explored the therapeutic effect of antidepressants in Parkinson's disease (PD) using a meta-analysis. Altogether, 24 placebo-controlled trials qualified for inclusion and revealed that tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) had a greater antidepressant effect relative to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Qb(1) = 8.87, p < .

Consequences of right cerebrovascular accident on emotional functioning: diagnostic and treatment implications.

The relationship between lesion location and neuropsychiatric sequelae in stroke patients has been extensively studied. Emotional disorders associated with right hemisphere stroke include depression, anxiety, anger, and/or mania. Pharmacotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and/or psychotherapy are common treatments for these disorders.

Facial expression during emotional monologues in unilateral stroke: an analysis of monologue segments.

Emotional monologues of brain-damaged subjects were examined to determine whether interhemispheric or intrahemispheric differences exist for facial emotional expression. A special feature was the comparison of expressions produced during the initial, middle, and last segments of the monologues. Videotaped emotional and non-emotional monologues from the New York Emotion Battery (Borod, Welkowitz, & Obler, 1992) of eight right brain-damaged (RBD), eight left brain-damaged (LBD), and eight normal control (NC) subjects, with matching for demographics and lesion location, were rated.

Unattended emotional intonations modulate linguistic prosody processing.

Prosody or speech melody subserves linguistic (e.g., question intonation) and emotional functions in speech communication.

Relationship between self-reported apathy and executive dysfunction in nondemented patients with Parkinson disease.

Objective: The prevalence of apathy was assessed across select cognitive and psychiatric variables in 32 nondemented patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and 29 demographically matched healthy control participants.

Background: Apathy is common in PD, although differentiating apathy from motor, cognitive, and/or other neuropsychiatric symptoms can be challenging. Previous studies have reported a positive relationship between apathy and cognitive impairment, particularly executive dysfunction.

Right ventromedial prefrontal lesions result in paradoxical cardiovascular activation with emotional stimuli.

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) lesions can alter emotional and autonomic responses. In animals, VMPFC activation results in cardiovascular sympathetic inhibition. In humans, VMPFC modulates emotional processing and autonomic response to arousal (e.

Internal capsule size in good-outcome and poor-outcome schizophrenia.

Converging lines of research suggest that white matter abnormalities may be central to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to examine regional white matter in the anterior limb of the internal capsules in patients with schizophrenia. The authors obtained high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in 106 patients with schizophrenia and 42 age and sex-matched healthy comparison subjects.

An examination of executive dysfunction associated with frontostriatal circuitry in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder presenting with subcortical pathology and characterized by motor deficits. However, as is frequently reported in the literature, patients with PD can also exhibit cognitive and behavioral (i.e.

Social functioning and facial emotional expression in neurological and psychiatric disorders.

This study examined the relationship between facial expression and social functioning in schizophrenic, depressed, right-brain-damaged, Parkinson's disease, and normal adult participants. Raters evaluated general intensity and amount of positive and negative facial emotion while participants were producing monologues regarding pleasant and unpleasant experiences. Social functioning items were derived from three standardized inventories.

Posed prosodic emotional expression in unilateral stroke patients: recovery, lesion location, and emotional perception.

Recovery of emotional functioning following stroke has received limited attention in the neuropsychological literature. By emotional functioning, we refer to a range of processing modes, including perception, expression, experience, and behavior. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the course of prosodic emotional expression over time in individuals with stroke.

Effects of levodopa on cognitive functioning in moderate-to-severe Parkinson's disease (MSPD).

Although improved cognition has been reported in patients with mild Parkinson's disease (PD) following the administration of levodopa, mixed results have been found in moderately-to-severely affected PD patients (MSPD), particularly in studies conducted since 1980. In the present study, 16 MSPD patients were tested on separate days, once following overnight levodopa withdrawal and once while optimally treated. A battery of neuropsychological tests that assess a range of cognitive functions (i.

Cognitive and behavioral dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: neurochemical and clinicopathological contributions.

The cognitive and behavioral sequelae (i.e., nonmotor profile) of Parkinson's disease (PD), with executive dysfunction and depression being most prominent, have typically been overshadowed due to an emphasis on motor symptomatology.

Changes in posed facial expression of emotion across the adult life span.

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the facial expression of emotion across the adult life span. Two positive and two negative emotional expressions were posed by 30 young (21 to 39 years), 30 middle-aged (40 to 59 years), and 30 older (60 to 81 years) healthy, right-handed women. Photographs of the four emotional expressions were rated by independent judges for intensity, accuracy, and confidence.