Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks.

Most of the light from blazars, active galactic nuclei with jets of magnetized plasma that point nearly along the line of sight, is produced by high-energy particles, up to around 1 TeV. Although the jets are known to be ultimately powered by a supermassive black hole, how the particles are accelerated to such high energies has been an unanswered question. The process must be related to the magnetic field, which can be probed by observations of the polarization of light from the jets.

Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae.

Blazars are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets whose non-thermal radiation is extremely variable on various timescales. This variability seems mostly random, although some quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), implying systematic processes, have been reported in blazars and other AGN. QPOs with timescales of days or hours are especially rare in AGN and their nature is highly debated, explained by emitting plasma moving helically inside the jet, plasma instabilities or orbital motion in an accretion disc.

Pattern of Glomerular Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh.

Glomerular disease is one of the most important causes of chronic kidney disease in developing countries like Bangladesh as well as the whole world. The pattern of glomerular disease varies in different countries and can have different clinical presentations. The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical profile and to determine the histological pattern of glomerular diseases in a large tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.

Comparison of Serum Amylase and Lipase Levels between Predialysis and Maintenance Haemodialysis CKD Patients.

This cross sectional study was done to compare serum levels of amylase and lipase between predialysis and maintenance haemodialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and also to find out their relationship between degrees of renal impairment in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital and National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Dhaka, Bangladesh from May 2016 to April 2017. A total of 80 patients were included purposively as study subjects and made into two groups namely predialysis CKD group comprising 50 patients and other as maintenance haemodialysis group comprising of 30 patients. Among the predialysis group majority of the CKD was caused by glomerulonephritis (48%) followed by diabetes (26%), HTN (2%) and large portion undiagnosed (24%) whereas in the haemodialysis group ESRD was caused by diabetes (46%) followed by glomerulonephritis (16%), HTN (13%) and undiagnosed (23%).

Reappraising academic and social adversity improves middle school students' academic achievement, behavior, and well-being.

The period of early adolescence is characterized by dramatic changes, simultaneously affecting physiological, psychological, social, and cognitive development. The physical transition from elementary to middle school can exacerbate the stress and adversity experienced during this critical life stage. Middle school students often struggle to find social and emotional support, and many students experience a decreased sense of belonging in school, diverting students from promising academic and career trajectories.

Response of Proliferative Lupus Nephritis with Pulse Cyclophosphamide Therapy during Induction Period: A Single Centre Study in Bangladesh.

This prospective study was conducted to assess the response of proliferative lupus nephritis with pulse cyclophosphamide therapy during induction period in the department of Nephrology of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from December 2012 to November 2013. A total of 35 clinically diagnosed SLE patients of class III/IV lupus nephritis were included. But 3 patients were dropped out during follow-up, therefore finally 32 patients (class III = 4, class IV = 28) were studied.

Assessing malleable social-psychological academic attitudes in early adolescence.

Although it is important to accurately assess and promote student achievement, it is also critical to accurately assess and promote student social and emotional well-being and positive attitudes about school. Recent research has shown the promise of school-based interventions to improve certain student academic attitudes but has also raised concerns about a lack of reliable measures of these attitudes for early adolescents. We compiled the Malleable Social-Psychological Academic Attitudes (MSPAA) survey to measure school trust, social belonging, evaluation anxiety, self-complexity, locus of control, and identification with school.

Self-Affirmation Effects Are Produced by School Context, Student Engagement With the Intervention, and Time: Lessons From a District-Wide Implementation.

Self-affirmation shows promise for reducing racial academic-achievement gaps; recently, however, mixed results have raised questions about the circumstances under which the self-affirmation intervention produces lasting benefits at scale. In this follow-up to the first district-wide scale-up of a self-affirmation intervention, we examined whether initial academic benefits in middle school carried over into high school, we tested for differential impacts moderated by school context, and we assessed the causal effects of student engagement with the self-affirming writing prompted by the intervention. Longitudinal results indicate that self-affirmation reduces the growth of the racial achievement gap by 50% across the high school transition ( N = 920).

Prevalence of Microalbuminuria and Overt Proteinuria in Diabetes Mellitus and their Association with Renal Function.

This cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from April 2009 to March 2010. Samples were collectedfrom rural area of Khalishaur union of Purbadhala upazilla in Netrakona District, 30km away from Mymensingh Town. The main objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria as well as overt proteinuria in diabetes mellitus in a rural population and to observe their association with renal function.

Different Institutions and Different Values: Exploring First-Generation Student Fit at 2-Year Colleges.

First-generation (FG) college students (students for whom neither parent has a 4-year degree) face a number of challenges as they attempt to obtain a post-secondary degree. They are more likely to come from working-class backgrounds or poverty (Reardon, 2011) and attend lower quality high schools (Warburton et al., 2001) while not benefiting from the guidance of a parent who successfully navigated the path to higher education.

Blazar spectral variability as explained by a twisted inhomogeneous jet.

Blazars are active galactic nuclei, which are powerful sources of radiation whose central engine is located in the core of the host galaxy. Blazar emission is dominated by non-thermal radiation from a jet that moves relativistically towards us, and therefore undergoes Doppler beaming. This beaming causes flux enhancement and contraction of the variability timescales, so that most blazars appear as luminous sources characterized by noticeable and fast changes in brightness at all frequencies.

Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

This cross sectional observational study was done in the Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh from May 2013 to April 2014 to find out the proportion of acute kidney injury among patients with acute viral hepatitis and to identify risk factors associated with development of acute kidney injury (AKI). A total of 100 patients with acute viral hepatitis were included purposively as study subjects. Among them 61 were male and 39 were female.

New Evidence on Self-Affirmation Effects and Theorized Sources of Heterogeneity from Large-Scale Replications.

Brief, targeted self-affirmation writing exercises have recently been offered as a way to reduce racial achievement gaps, but evidence about their effects in educational settings is mixed, leaving ambiguity about the likely benefits of these strategies if implemented broadly. A key limitation in interpreting these mixed results is that they come from studies conducted by different research teams with different procedures in different settings; it is therefore impossible to isolate whether different effects are the result of theorized heterogeneity, unidentified moderators, or idiosyncratic features of the different studies. We addressed this limitation by conducting a well-powered replication of self-affirmation in a setting where a previous large-scale field experiment demonstrated significant positive impacts, using the same procedures.

Risk factors in the prevalence of anencephalus and spina bifida in New Zealand.

This paper presents results from an epidemiological study on the 51 anencephalus and 53 spina bifida cases in the 1978 New Zealand birth cohort. Multiple sources were used in the ascertainment, and the prevalence rates were 0.98 and 1.

Secular trends in anencephalus prevalence in New Zealand.

Although the aetiology of anencephalus is unknown, changes in prevalence over time are thought to provide strong evidence of the effect of environmental factors in causation. In a number of countries the rate of this neural tube defect is declining. The rate in New Zealand has also fallen significantly (p less than 0.

Testing clinical criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus in other connective tissue disorders.

The American Rheumatism Association (ARA) clinical criteria have been tested in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis, polyarteritis nodosa and polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Hospital admissions from a defined population over the same period were studied. Increased weighting of the scores for the features showing the greatest specificity is suggested.