Protocol for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Study: Evaluation of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in Prediction of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury as Compared to Orthopantomography (OPG) Secondary to Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars.

Introduction Impairment of the inferior alveolar/dental nerve (IAN) is a relatively uncommon complication after lower wisdom tooth removal. Studies report varying incidences of IAN injury, with dysesthesia being noted as particularly distressing and 0-0.9% cases extending for a long duration.

Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics for Dental Caries in Preschool Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Early childhood caries is one of the most serious and high-priced oral health conditions among young children. With advancing dental sciences, the focus of dental caries treatment is shifted from restorative procedures to preventive measures, and a modality grabbing attention is probiotics. Probiotics exert their effects in many ways as chemical inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and stimulation of the immune response through the production of immunoglobulin A and many more.

Cephalometric norms for the north Indian population: A systematic review.

The cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery (COGS analysis) are the standard benchmark in cephalometrics for any orthognathic surgical diagnosis and treatment planning. Since the introduction of cephalometrics by Broadbent, numerous studies have been conducted to establish craniofacial norms of different ethnicities. Most of these studies, however, determined craniofacial norms for Caucasian people and may not be applicable to other ethnic groups due to differences in their facial appearance.

A severe case of cheilitis granulomatosa: clinical-pathologic findings and management.

Introduction: Cheilitis granulomatosa is an idiopathic granulomatous disorder which is rare and cosmetically disturbing. It presents with a persistent painless labial swelling which obscure etiology. Diagnosis is mainly based on the histopathological features following biopsy.

"Piezosurgery vs bur in impacted mandibular third molar surgery: Evaluation of postoperative sequelae".

Purpose: Piezosurgery is a relatively novel, precise and safe technique of ostectomy in the domain of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Our aim was to compare the inflammatory outcomes of osteotomy using piezosurgery and conventional bur in impacted mandibular third molar (IM3M) surgery.

Subjects And Method: The study implemented a randomized, double-blind, crossover design.

Touch Imprint Cytology: Can It Serve as an Alternative to Frozen Section in Intraoperative Assessment of Cervical Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Purpose: The purpose was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of touch imprint cytology (TIC) compared with frozen section (FS) analysis as an intraoperative diagnostic tool to assess nodal metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: We intraoperatively assessed 38 patients undergoing neck dissection for oral squamous cell carcinoma, wherein a total of 248 nodes were sectioned and subjected to TIC and, subsequently, FS analysis and were finally submitted to the gold-standard histopathologic examination. The sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs) of TIC and FS analysis for the detection of metastasis in the cervical nodes were determined with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.

Borle's triangle: A reliable anatomical landmark for ease of identification of facial nerve trunk during parotidectomy.

Purpose: An accurate understanding of the anatomy, identification and preservation of facial nerve is critical in performing successful functional parotidectomies. The current literature is replete with inconsistencies of various landmarks when used alone for identification of facial nerve trunk (FNT). The purpose of the paper is to introduce a new anatomical triangle, Borle's triangle (BT) for safer and reliable operative identification of FNT during parotodectomies.

Prevalence of congenital cardiac anomalies in patients with cleft lip and palate - Its implications in surgical management.

Background: Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital craniofacial deformities seen in children. Various congenital anomalies are reported in the literature to be associated with cleft lip and palate. Cardiac anomalies are one of the most common congenital disorders associated in cleft lip and palate patientsIt includes Cyanotic and acyanotic cardiac diseases likel fallot's tetralogy, transposition of greater vessels, atresia of tricuspid, total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), truncus arteriosus, ebstein's anomaly, hypoplastic left heart syndrome and pulmonary atresia, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis and coarctation of aorta.

Surgical Staples: A Superior Alternative to Sutures for Skin Closure After Neck Dissection-A Single-Blinded Prospective Randomized Clinical Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of staples in skin closure after neck dissection in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The authors hypothesized that the use of staples would result in better wound closure compared with the use of nonabsorbable monofilament sutures.

Materials And Methods: A prospective single-blinded randomized clinical trial was performed to compare various parameters, including time for wound closure, inflammatory changes, pain, cost efficacy, complications, and esthetic outcome of skin closure with surgical staples versus nonabsorbable monofilament sutures and to determine their statistical relevance using χ and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of oral submucous fibrosis is a distinct clinicopathological entity with better prognosis.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of oral submucous fibrosis (OSCC-OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: A total of 217 cases of OSCC were retrieved from achieves for the analysis. OSCC-OSMF cases were segregated on the basis of history and clinicopathological parameters.

Displacement of lower third molar into the lateral pharyngeal space in a case of mandibular angle fracture: An unusual complication.

Fracture of the angle of the mandible accounts for nearly one-third of all fractures involved. The presence of lower third molar increases the risk of fracture in angle region. The third molar acts as an area of weakness leading to fracture lines passing medially, distally, and occasionally through it.

Does Hamulotomy during Palatoplasty Have Any Effect on Hearing Ability in Nonsyndromic Cleft Palate Patients? A Prospective, Single Blind, Comparative Study.

The primary goal of palatoplasty is to achieve a tension-free palatal closure ensuring no postoperative complications. Many surgeons fracture the pterygoid hamulus to minimize tension during palatoplasty. However, this maneuver gained criticism by some authors on the grounds that it may lead to Eustachian Tube dysfunction.

Myxoid Chondrosarcoma of Maxilla in a Pediatric Patient: A Rare Case Report.

Myxoid variant of chondrosarcoma is an uncommon potentially lethal malignant tumor which is even rare in pediatric age group. In the present paper, we report one such case of intermediate grade myxoid chondrosarcoma of left side of maxilla in a 12-year-old girl. The present case had a firm, painless, and lobulated growth in premolar-molar region which was associated with bicortical expansion.

Relationship between fracture of mandibular condyle and absence of unerupted mandibular third molar-a retrospective study.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to find, if there exists, a co-relation between presence of unerupted mandibular third molar and fracture of mandibular condyle.

Methods: A retrospective, multicenter study was done collecting the data of all mandibular condyle fractures treated from November 2006 till August 2015. Data was collected from the patient's records and radiographs for the following information: age, sex, etiology of fracture, presence and state of lower third molars, and associated fracture.

Concomitant Association of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Incidence of Malignant Transformation of Oral Submucous Fibrosis in a Population of Central India: A Retrospective Study.

Aim: To evaluate the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma concomitant with oral sub mucous fibrosis in central India and to correlate precipitating factors associated with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. This paper also aims to study the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma arising secondary to untreated oral submucous fibrosis.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and twenty five cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and one hundred and nineteen cases of oral submucous fibrosis of various regions in oral cavity were included in the study.

Echinoccocal cyst affecting the mandible.

Echinococcosis is a parasitic infection also called as hydatid disease or hydatidosis. Hydatidosis is a cyclo-zoonotic infection of the larvae form of Echinococcus granulosus (canine tapeworm). The majority of hydatid cysts are seen in the liver (65%) as most of the embryos are trapped within it.

Is there still a role for bilobed/bipaddled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for single-stage immediate reconstruction of post ablative oncologic full-thickness defects of the cheek?

Introduction: Reconstruction of full-thickness defects of the head and neck is a challenge. In this clinical study, we assessed the role of the bilobed/bipaddled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF) for the reconstruction of large full-thickness defects of the cheek, after resection of oral cancer.

Materials And Method: After resection of oral cancer, 62 cases of through-and-through defects of the oral cavity were reconstructed using folded/bipaddled/bilobed PMMF flap.

Schwannoma of the tongue in a paediatric patient: a case report and 20-year review.

Schwannomas (Neurilemmomas) are benign, encapsulated, slow-growing, and usually solitary tumours originating from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheath with uncertain etiology. Approximately 25-48% of cases are seen in the head and neck region, of which 1% appears in the oral cavity. Lingual schwannoma can affect all age groups with peak incidence between the third and sixth decade.

Microbiology and antibiotic sensitivity of head and neck space infections of odontogenic origin.

This paper aim to assess the anatomical spaces of head and neck region and causative microorganisms responsible for infections, evaluate the resistance of antibiotics used in treatment and compare the findings with previously reported microbial flora in the orofacial infection. Forty-two patients were recorded. All underwent surgical incision and drainage, received antibiotics cover, and had culture and sensitivity test performed for gram positive and gram negative aerobes.

Custom made protective appliance for oral submucous fibrosis.

Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic, debilitating disease characterized by gradually increasing fibrosis of oral cavity and pharynx, mainly the buccal mucosa, resulting in trismus. Various flaps have been used to reconstruct the surgical defects following excision of fibrous bands. It is inevitable to prevent these flaps from trauma by occlusion.

Transmylohoid/Submental Endotracheal Intubation in Pan-facial Trauma: A Paradigm Shift in Airway Management with Prospective Study of 35 Cases.

The present study was planned to assess the efficacy, utility and complications of transmylohoid intubation in facial polytrauma patients, by setting and design: prospective study. This study was conducted between May 2008 and May 2011 and 35 patients of facial polytrauma were included irrespective of sex, caste and religion. All the selected 35 patients were male and the age of patients ranged between 15 to 45 years (mean age 31 years).

Awake endotracheal retrograde intubation in restricted mouth opening: a 'J'-tipped guide wire technique--a retrospective study.

Introduction: Airway management in patient with restricted mouth opening is a great challenge, owing to the difficulty in laryngoscopy and visualisation of the vocal cords during the procedure of intubation. The term retrograde intubation refers to a technique in which a guide wire is passed into the trachea and then into the mouth or nose. A tracheal tube is then passed down over the guide until it enters the trachea.