Correlated sodium and potassium imbalances within the ischemic core in experimental stroke: a 23Na MRI and histochemical imaging study.

This study addresses the spatial relation between local Na(+) and K(+) imbalances in the ischemic core in a rat model of focal ischemic stroke. Quantitative [Na(+)] and [K(+)] brain maps were obtained by (23)Na MRI and histochemical K(+) staining, respectively, and calibrated by emission flame photometry of the micropunch brain samples. Stroke location was verified by diffusion MRI, by changes in tissue surface reflectivity and by immunohistochemistry with microtubule-associated protein 2 antibody.

Pediatric thoracic paravertebral block: roentgenologic evidence for extensive dermatomal coverage.

A case of a 10 year old boy who underwent a T10 continuous thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) using a standard technique for postoperative pain management is reported. In the postoperative recovery area, 10 mL of Omnipaque contrast dye was injected through the catheter and an anteroposterior chest radiograph was performed. The radiograph showed longitudinal spread of contrast parallel to the spine from the T(4)-T(5) intervertebral disc to the T(10)-T(11) intervertebral disc with clear lateral extension of contrast along the fifth through the tenth intercostal nerves.

A feasibility study using the VivaSight Single Lumen™ to intubate the trachea through the Fastrach laryngeal mask airway: a preliminary report of 50 cases.

Background: The VivaSight Single Lumen™ (SL) is new endotracheal tube with a video camera and a light source in the tip allowing continuous visual observation of the airway. In this study, we checked the feasibility of endotracheal intubation with a VivaSight-SL through the Fastrach Laryngeal Mask Airway(®) (FT-LMA).

Methods: We studied 50 patients with normal airways, scheduled for elective surgery during general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation.

Inhomogeneous sodium accumulation in the ischemic core in rat focal cerebral ischemia by 23Na MRI.

Purpose: To test the hypotheses that (i) the regional heterogeneity of brain sodium concentration ([Na(+)](br)) provides a parameter for ischemic progression not available from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) data, and (ii) [Na(+)](br) increases more in ischemic cortex than in the caudate putamen (CP) with its lesser collateral circulation after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.

Materials And Methods: (23)Na twisted projection MRI was performed at 3 Tesla. [Na(+)](br) was independently determined by flame photometry.

Flexible upper videoendoscopy through a modified endoscopy mask in infants and young children.

Unlabelled: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is considered an essential diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in the pediatric population. Although generally safe, EGD has the potential for airway complications. We routinely use general anesthesia to carry out EGD in patients younger than 10 years.

Sodium mapping in focal cerebral ischemia in the rat by quantitative (23)Na MRI.

Purpose: To validate (23)Na twisted projection magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a quantitative technique to assess local brain sodium concentration ([Na(+)](br)) during rat focal ischemia every 5.3 minutes.

Materials And Methods: The MRI protocol included an ultrashort echo-time (0.

Comparison of the CobraPLA (Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway) and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique in children under pressure controlled ventilation.

Background: The Laryngeal Mask Airway-Unique (LMAU) and CobraPLA (Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway) are supraglottic airway devices. There are no published studies comparing these devices in children breathing with pressure controlled ventilation (PCV).

Methods: Eighty pediatric patients, scheduled for elective general surgery of short duration, were randomly assigned to have either a CobraPLA or a LMAU used for airway management using PCV.

Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in major abdominal surgery in high-risk neonates and infants.

Background: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSE-A) is reportedly safe and effective for the pediatric population in infraumbilical surgery. Our main purpose was to describe our experience of this technique in neonates and infants undergoing elective major upper abdominal surgery.

Methods: Spinal anesthesia was performed in 28 neonates and infants with isobaric bupivacaine 0.

Delayed ventricular fibrillation following blunt chest trauma in a 4-year-old child.

A 4-year-old boy who was involved in a motor vehicle accident as a pedestrian and suffered blunt chest trauma was admitted to the emergency room. Unpredictable delayed ventricular fibrillation was diagnosed and treated successfully 2 h later. This case cannot be classified as commotio cordis as the ventricular fibrillation (VF) developed so long after the sustained chest injury.

A comparison between the PLA Cobra and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique during spontaneous ventilation: a randomized prospective study.

The Laryngeal Mask (LMA) Unique and the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway (PLA) are single-use supraglottic devices. There are no published studies comparing these devices during spontaneous ventilation. We compared the LMA Unique and the Cobra PLA with respect to 1) ventilatory variables during spontaneous ventilation, 2) time to achieve an effective airway, 3) airway intervention requirements, 4) cuff seal pressures, 5) fiberoptic score, and 6) perioperative adverse events.

Stroke onset time using sodium MRI in rat focal cerebral ischemia.

Background And Purpose: Thrombolytic therapy with intravenous tPA must be administered within 3 hours after stroke onset. However, stroke onset time cannot be established in 20% to 45% of potential patients. We propose that the rate of increase of the brain concentration of sodium ([Na+]br) after stroke, monitored using sodium MRI in a rat model of cortical ischemia, is linear in each individual animal, can locate the ischemic region, and can be used to estimate onset time.

The esophageal-tracheal combitube resistance and ventilatory pressures.

Study Objective: To measure resistance of the Combitube, a supraglottic ventilatory device used in the management of the patients with difficult airways, and its influence on delivered ventilatory pressures.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: University-affiliated hospital.

A randomized controlled trial comparing the ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway with the Laryngeal Tube Suction in mechanically ventilated patients.

Background: The ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA) (Laryngeal Mask Company, Henley-on-Thames, United Kingdom) is a new laryngeal mask with a modified cuff designed to improve its seal and a drain tube for gastric tube placement. Similarly, the Laryngeal Tube Suction (LTS) (VBM Medizintechnik Gmbh, Sulz a.N, Germany) is a new laryngeal tube that also has an additional channel for gastric tube placement.

Postdural puncture headache: an imaging-guided management protocol.

We propose an imaging-based algorithm for the management of headache caused by the inadvertent puncture of dura that occurs sporadically during epidural analgesia. Its implementation can identify those postdural puncture headache cases that cannot benefit from epidural blood patches, and their unnecessary application can consequently be avoided.

An evaluation of the Laryngeal Tube during general anesthesia using mechanical ventilation.

Unlabelled: The Laryngeal Tube is a new supraglottic ventilatory device for airway management. It has been developed to secure a patent airway during either spontaneous or mechanical ventilation. In this study, we sought to determine the effectiveness of the Laryngeal Tube for primary airway management during routine surgery with mechanical ventilation.

Effect of ilioinguinal nerve block on the catecholamine plasma levels in orchidopexy: comparison with caudal epidural block.

Background: Both caudal epidural and ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks have been used to provide effective intra- and postoperative analgesia. Stress response hormone levels can be used as an objective method to assess the analgesic efficacy of the anaesthetic techniques used in infraumbilical surgery in children. In this study, we compared catecholamine blood levels in children undergoing these two different supplementary analgesic/anaesthetic techniques.