Past climate cooling promoted global dispersal of amphipods from Tian Shan montane lakes to circumboreal lakes.

Climate changes have substantial impacts on the geographic distribution of montane lakes and evolutionary dynamics of cold-adapted species. Past climate cooling is hypothesized to have promoted the dispersal of cold-adapted species via montane lakes, while future climate warming is thought to constrain their distributions. We test this hypothesis by using phylogeographic analysis and niche modeling of the Holarctic crustacean Gammarus lacustris with global sampling comprised of 567 sequenced individuals and 3180 occurrence records.

A corrigendum to the phylogeny of the family Gammaridae (Crustacea: Amphipoda).

We stated an error in our previous DNA analysis of Gammaridae. The right position of Zenkevitchia in the phylogenetic tree is close to marine and American Gammarus spp., far from the Dinaric troglobiotic Typhlogammarus group of genera.

New genus and species of the family Niphargidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Senticaudata), Chaetoniphargus lubuskensis gen. nov., sp. nov. from Croatia.

New genus and species of the family Niphargidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Senticaudata), Chaetoniphargus lubuskensis gen. nov., sp.

Three new remarkable amphipod species (Crustacea: Gammaridae) from springs and subterranean waters of Central Asia.

Three new species of the family Gammaridae-Gammarus troglomorphus, sp. n., G.

Phylogenetic relationships of the Balkan Moitessieriidae (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea).

The family Moitessieriidae includes minute dioecious gastropods exclusively inhabiting subterranean waters, including thermal ones. Only empty shells were collected in most species, the vast majority of them are described from their gross shell morphology alone. Several visits to a site are usually required to obtain at least some living individuals.

The first Turcolana Argano & Pesce, 1980 (Isopoda: Cirolanidae) from the Greek mainland.

Turcolana Argano & Pesce, 1980 is the isopod genus occurring in freshwater and brackish groundwater environments around the eastern Mediterranean. In this study, a revised diagnosis of the genus, an updated map of species distribution and a key to species are presented. The first cave dwelling species is described from the Melissotrypa Cave in central Greece, a highly troglomorphic Turcolana lepturoides sp.

Photodegradation of methoxy substituted curcuminoids.

Photodegradation of dimethoxy curcuminoids in acetonitrile solution was found to depend on the position of the methoxy group bonded to the phenyl ring. The rate of decomposition was expressed as the lifetime of the decomposing substrate, being the shortest in the case of the 3,5-dimethoxy and the longest for the 2,5-dimethoxy derivative. For the 3,5-dimethoxy curcuminoid, the major degradation products were 3,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde, 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid and the Z and E isomers of dimethoxy cinnamic acid, together forming about 90% of the reaction mixture.

Melita mirzajanii n. sp. (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Melitidae), a puzzling new member of the Caspian fauna.

Described is Melita mirzajanii n. sp. (Melitidae) from the southwestern corner of the Caspian Sea.

Fauna Europaea: Annelida - Hirudinea, incl. Acanthobdellea and Branchiobdellea.

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education.

Phylogenetic analyses of Gammaridae crustacean reveal different diversification patterns among sister lineages in the Tethyan region.

The Gammaridae shows the greatest disparity in species diversity and distribution pattern in the Amphipoda, with some genera ranging from the Palearctic to Nearctic, while others are limited to the Mediterranean region or ancient Tethyan margins. Here we present the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Gammaridae to investigate its evolutionary history using four genetic markers and a comprehensive set of taxa representing 198 species. The phylogenetic results revealed that the Gammaridae originated from the Tethyan region in the Cretaceous, and split into three morphologically and geographically distinct lineages by the end of the Paleocene.

Crystal structures and emission properties of the BF₂ complex 1-phenyl-3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-dione: multiple chromisms, aggregation- or crystallization-induced emission, and the self-assembly effect.

It is known that electron donating groups have quite a different effect on the π-delocalization of a conjugate system when bonded at ortho and para as compared to meta positions in the phenyl ring. In the present work, the BF2 complex of 1-phenyl-3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-dione (1), a molecule with two methoxy groups in one of the phenyl rings at meta positions, was prepared. Compound 1 exists as two polymorphs having different mutual orientations of the two methoxy groups: in polymorph A away from each other (termed anti), while in polymorph B one methoxy group is oriented toward the other (syn-anti).

Structures in solid state and solution of dimethoxy curcuminoids: regioselective bromination and chlorination.

Background: Several papers described the structure of curcumin and some other derivatives in solid and in solution. In the crystal structure of curcumin, the enol H atom is located symmetrically between both oxygen atoms of the enolone fragment with an O···O distance of 2.455 Å, which is characteristic for symmetrical H-bonds.

Eocene habitat shift from saline to freshwater promoted Tethyan amphipod diversification.

Current theory predicts that a shift to a new habitat would increase the rate of diversification, while as lineages evolve into multiple species, intensified competition would decrease the rate of diversification. We used Holarctic amphipods of the genus Gammarus to test this hypothesis. We sequenced four genes (5,088 bp) for 289 samples representing 115 Gammarus species.

Diversity of microbial communities colonizing the walls of a Karstic cave in Slovenia.

Karstic cave systems in Slovenia receive substantial amounts of organic input from adjacent forest and freshwater systems. These caves host microbial communities that consist of distinct small colonies differing in colour and shape. Visible to the naked eye, the colonies cover cave walls and are strewn with light-reflecting water droplets.

The limits of cryptic diversity in groundwater: phylogeography of the cave shrimp Troglocaris anophthalmus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae).

Recent studies have revealed high local diversity and endemism in groundwaters, and showed that species with large ranges are extremely rare. One of such species is the cave shrimp Troglocaris anophthalmus from the Dinaric Karst on the western Balkan Peninsula, apparently uniform across a range of more than 500 kilometers. As such it contradicts the paradigm that subterranean organisms form localized, long-term stable populations that cannot disperse over long distances.

Photocyclization of 2-chloro-substituted 1,3-diarylpropan-1,3-diones to flavones.

The photochemical behavior of 2-halo-substituted 1,3-diarylpropan-1,3-dione strongly depends on the nature of the halogen atom bonded and the presence of electron-donor groups on the phenyl ring. In the case of 2-chloro-1,3-diphenylpropan-1,3-dione and 1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropan-1,3-dione, cyclization to flavones was the sole reaction pathway, whereas in the case of 2-chloro-1,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1,3-dione, only products derived from alpha-cleavage were observed. 2-Fluoro derivatives of 1,3-diarylpropan-1,3-diones were photostable; on the other hand, 2-chloro-2-fluoro derivates resulted in 3-fluoroflavones.

Phylogeny of the cave shrimp Troglocaris: Evidence of a young connection between Balkans and Caucasus.

The remarkably discontinuous distribution of the cave shrimp genus Troglocaris in South France, West Balkans, and West Caucasus has long been considered a biogeographic enigma. To solve it, its phylogeny was reconstructed by analyzing sequences from two mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I and 16S rRNA) and one nuclear gene (28S rRNA) using maximum likelihood, parsimony and Bayesian inference. The genus was found to be polyphyletic because the French taxon T.

Phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships in the crayfish genus Austropotamobius inferred from mitochondrial COI gene sequences.

The present study explores the utility of mitochondrial COI gene sequences to reveal phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships for the entire European freshwater crayfish genus Austropotamobius. The two traditional taxa, Austropotamobius pallipes and Austropotamobius torrentium, were monophyletic, showing similar genetic diversity, with 28 and 25 haplotypes, respectively, and an uncorrected average pairwise divergence of 0.059 and 0.