Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) for Left Displaced Abomasum in Highly Productive Russian Holstein Cattle.

Left displaced abomasum (LDA) is a multifactorial disease of cattle that occurs mainly during the transition postpartum period and is characterized by a decrease in milk production and an increased risk of culling. Several studies have been conducted confirming the hereditary nature of predisposition to this disease. The aim of our study is to identify genetic associations characterizing the genomic variability of susceptibility to LDA in Holstein cattle of the Leningrad region of the Russian Federation.

Vaccine containing natural TLR ligands protects from Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice and acute respiratory infections in children.

It has been shown that a single parenteral administration of vaccine containing bacterial ligands for TLRI, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, and TLR9 in mice induced rapid (24 h after administration) and effective (100%), but short-term (96 h) protection against lethal challenge with Salmonella typhimurium. Repeated mucosal applications of this vaccine stimulated long-term (up to 9 months) protection against acute respiratory infections in children of preschool age.

Vaccinoprophylaxis on the Eve of Centuries.

The aims and tasks of mass vaccinoprophylaxis in global (and, respectively, in national) scale are determined by Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), which was formulated by World Health Organization (WHO) in 1974, and then it continuously was replenished meanwhile accumulating the experience and the development of scientific and technical base. At present, three stages of EPI development are under consideration: 1974-1990 (EPI-1), 1990-2000 (EPI-2) and the first decade of XXI century (projects under discussion EPI-3). The purpose of EPI-1 was oriented to the substantial decrease of morbidity with measles, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and tuberculosis.