Wnt5a induces homodimerization and activation of Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase.

Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that control vital biological processes, including embryogenesis, organogenesis and tumorigenesis. Wnts are classified into several subfamilies depending on the signaling pathways they activate, with the canonical subfamily activating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and the non-canonical subfamily activating a variety of other pathways, including the Wnt/calcium signaling and the small GTPase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway. Wnts bind to a membrane receptor Frizzled and a co-receptor, the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein.

Protective efficacy of intranasal cold-adapted influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) vaccines comprised of egg- or cell culture-derived reassortants.

Live, cold-adapted, temperature-sensitive (ca/ts) Russian influenza A vaccines are prepared in eggs by a 6:2 gene reassortment of the ca/ts donor strain A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) (Len/17) with a current wild-type (wt) influenza A strain contributing hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes. However, egg-derived reassortant vaccines are potentially more problematic to manufacture in large quantities than vaccines from cell-based procedures. To compare egg- and cell culture-derived reassortant vaccines, we prepared in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells two cloned, ca/ts reassortants (25M/1, 39E/2) derived from Len/17 and a wt reference strain A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) (NC/wt).