Laboratory evaluation of the regeneration time, efficacy and wash-resistance of PermaNet Dual (a deltamethrin-chlorfenapyr net) against susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant strains of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato.

Pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr nets have been recommended for malaria control by the World Health Organisation (WHO) after an alpha-cypermethrin-chlorfenapyr net showed improved impact in epidemiological trials. PermaNet® Dual is a new deltamethrin-chlorfenapyr net developed by Vestergaard Sàrl to expand options to control programmes. A series of laboratory studies were performed according to WHO guidelines to assess the regeneration time, efficacy and wash-resistance of PermaNet® Dual.

Mosquito Shield™, a transfluthrin passive emanator, protects against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in central Benin.

Background: Spatial repellents can provide personal and household protection against biting vector mosquitoes by volatizing repellents into the air within a given area. Mosquito Shield™ is a transfluthrin passive emanator undergoing evaluation for malaria control. Studies evaluating its entomological impact against different local malaria vector populations would help guide its deployment in endemic countries.

Identifying suitable methods for evaluating the sterilizing effects of pyriproxyfen on adult malaria vectors: a comparison of the oviposition and ovary dissection methods.

Background: Nets containing pyriproxyfen, an insect growth regulator that sterilizes adult mosquitoes, have become available for malaria control. Suitable methods for investigating vector susceptibility to pyriproxyfen and evaluating its efficacy on nets need to be identified. The sterilizing effects of pyriproxyfen on adult malaria vectors can be assessed by measuring oviposition or by dissecting mosquito ovaries to determine damage by pyriproxyfen (ovary dissection).

Laboratory evaluation of the contact irritancy of a clothianidin solo formulation vs. clothianidin-deltamethrin mixture formulations for indoor residual spraying against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato.

Background: Clothianidin-based indoor residual spraying (IRS) formulations have become available for malaria control as either solo formulations of clothianidin or a mixture of clothianidin with the pyrethroid deltamethrin. While both formulations have been successfully used for malaria control, studies investigating the effect of the pyrethroid in IRS mixtures may help improve our understanding for development of future IRS products. It has been speculated that the irritant effect of the pyrethroid in the mixture formulation may result in shorter mosquito contact times with the treated walls potentially leading to a lower impact.

PermaNet Dual, a new deltamethrin-chlorfenapyr mixture net, shows improved efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in southern Benin.

Pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr nets have demonstrated improved entomological and epidemiological impact in trials across Africa. This is driving increased demand for this novel net class in malaria-endemic countries. PermaNet Dual is a new deltamethrin-chlorfenapyr net developed by Vestergaard Sàrl to provide more options to malaria control programmes.

Can the performance of pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr nets be reduced when combined with pyrethroid-piperonyl butoxide (PBO) nets?

Background: Pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr (CFP) and pyrethroid-piperonyl butoxide (PBO) nets are being scaled across endemic countries to improve control of malaria transmitted by pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. CFP is a pro-insecticide requiring activation by mosquito cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes (P450s) while PBO improves pyrethroid potency by inhibiting the action of these enzymes in pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. The inhibitory action of PBO against P450s may thus reduce the efficacy of pyrethroid-CFP nets when applied inside the same household as pyrethroid-PBO nets.

ImergardWP: A Non-Chemical Alternative for an Indoor Residual Spray, Effective against Pyrethroid-Resistant (s.l.) in Africa.

Malaria is the deadliest mosquito-borne disease and kills predominantly people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The now widespread mosquito resistance to pyrethroids, with rapidly growing resistance to other insecticide classes recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), may overturn the successes gained in mosquito control in recent years. It is of utmost importance to search for new, inexpensive, and safe alternatives, with new modes of action, that might improve the efficacy of current insecticides.

Efficacy of a novel mode of action of an indoor residual spraying product, SumiShield® 50WG against susceptible and resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) in Benin, West Africa.

Background: Scale-up of the distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying with insecticides over the last decade have contributed to the considerable decrease of malaria morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to the increasing pyrethroid resistance intensity and the spread of carbamate resistance in Anopheles gambiae (s.s.