200+ Protein Concentrations in Healthy Human Blood Plasma: Targeted Quantitative SRM SIS Screening of Chromosomes 18, 13, Y, and the Mitochondrial Chromosome Encoded Proteome.

This work continues the series of the quantitative measurements of the proteins encoded by different chromosomes in the blood plasma of a healthy person. Selected Reaction Monitoring with Stable Isotope-labeled peptide Standards (SRM SIS) and a gene-centric approach, which is the basis for the implementation of the international Chromosome-centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP), were applied for the quantitative measurement of proteins in human blood plasma. Analyses were carried out in the frame of C-HPP for each protein-coding gene of the four human chromosomes: 18, 13, Y, and mitochondrial.

Wireless Monitoring of Changes in Crew Relations during Long-Duration Mission Simulation.

Group structure and cohesion along with their changes over time play an important role in the success of missions where crew members spend prolonged periods of time under conditions of isolation and confinement. Therefore, an objective system for unobtrusive monitoring of crew cohesion and possible individual stress reactions is of high interest. For this purpose, an experimental wireless group structure (WLGS) monitoring system integrated into a mobile psychophysiological system was developed.

Psychological and behavioral changes during confinement in a 520-day simulated interplanetary mission to mars.

Behavioral health risks are among the most serious and difficult to mitigate risks of confinement in space craft during long-duration space exploration missions. We report on behavioral and psychological reactions of a multinational crew of 6 healthy males confined in a 550 m(3) chamber for 520 days during the first Earth-based, high-fidelity simulated mission to Mars. Rest-activity of crewmembers was objectively measured throughout the mission with wrist-worn actigraphs.

Long-term space flight simulation reveals infradian rhythmicity in human Na(+) balance.

The steady-state concept of Na(+) homeostasis, based on short-term investigations of responses to high salt intake, maintains that dietary Na(+) is rapidly eliminated into urine, thereby achieving constant total-body Na(+) and water content. We introduced the reverse experimental approach by fixing salt intake of men participating in space flight simulations at 12 g, 9 g, and 6 g/day for months and tested for the predicted constancy in urinary excretion and total-body Na(+) content. At constant salt intake, daily Na(+) excretion exhibited aldosterone-dependent, weekly (circaseptan) rhythms, resulting in periodic Na(+) storage.

Mars 520-d mission simulation reveals protracted crew hypokinesis and alterations of sleep duration and timing.

The success of interplanetary human spaceflight will depend on many factors, including the behavioral activity levels, sleep, and circadian timing of crews exposed to prolonged microgravity and confinement. To address the effects of the latter, we used a high-fidelity ground simulation of a Mars mission to objectively track sleep-wake dynamics in a multinational crew of six during 520 d of confined isolation. Measurements included continuous recordings of wrist actigraphy and light exposure (4.

Effects of parabolic flight and spaceflight on the endocannabinoid system in humans.

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in the regulation of physiological functions,from stress and memory regulation to vegetative control and immunity. The ECS is considered a central and peripheral stress response system to emotional or physical challenges and acts through endocannabinoids (ECs), which bind to .their receptors inducing subsequent effecting mechanisms.

Cancellous bone structure of iliac crest biopsies following 370 days of head-down bed rest.

Introduction: Static bone histomorphometry was applied to existing iliac bone sections originating from a 370-d 5 degrees head-down bed rest experiment. This bed rest experiment is the longest ever to have been conducted. We hypothesized that bed rest would decrease cancellous bone volume fraction and that this effect would be reversed by countermeasures.

Bone markers, calcium metabolism, and calcium kinetics during extended-duration space flight on the mir space station.

Unlabelled: Bone loss is a current limitation for long-term space exploration. Bone markers, calcitropic hormones, and calcium kinetics of crew members on space missions of 4-6 months were evaluated. Spaceflight-induced bone loss was associated with increased bone resorption and decreased calcium absorption.

Type 1 vs. type 2 cytokine secretion in vitro and its regulation by hydrocortisone in humans subjected to 120-day anti-orthostatic bed-rest regime.

Head-Down Bed-Rest (HDBR) mimics some of the physiological stress effects of microgravity. Six healthy volunteers were subjected to bed-rest for 120 days. Blood samples were collected one month before (PRE), on day 110 of HDBR (DAY 110), and on the 7th day after bed-rest regime ends (POST).