New strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of immune-checkpoint inhibitor-mediated colitis.

Immune-checkpoint inhibitor-mediated colitis (IMC) is an increasingly recognized adverse event in cancer immunotherapy, particularly associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and anti-programmed cell death protein-1 antibodies. As this revolutionary immunotherapy gains prominence in cancer treatment, understanding, diagnosing, and effectively managing IMC becomes paramount. IMC represents a unique challenge due to its immune-mediated nature and potential for severe complications.

Effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with oncological diseases: State-of-the-art.

Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared to be no longer "a public health emergency of international concern" with its wide range of clinical manifestations and late complications, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection proved to be a serious threat, especially to the elderly and patients with comorbidities. Patients with oncologic diseases are vulnerable to severe infection and death. Indeed, patients with oncohematological diseases have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and impaired post-vaccination immunity.

Gut Microbiome Composition and Its Metabolites Are a Key Regulating Factor for Malignant Transformation, Metastasis and Antitumor Immunity.

The genetic and metabolomic abundance of the microbiome exemplifies that the microbiome comprises a more extensive set of genes than the entire human genome, which justifies the numerous metabolic and immunological interactions between the gut microbiota, macroorganisms and immune processes. These interactions have local and systemic impacts that can influence the pathological process of carcinogenesis. The latter can be promoted, enhanced or inhibited by the interactions between the microbiota and the host.

Factors affecting complications development and mortality after single lung transplant.

Lung transplantation (LT) is a life-saving therapeutic procedure that prolongs survival in patients with end-stage lung disease. Furthermore, as a therapeutic option for high-risk candidates, single LT (SLT) can be feasible because the immediate morbidity and mortality after transplantation are lower compared to sequential single (double) LT (SSLTx). Still, the long-term overall survival is, in general, better for SSLTx.

Host response to immune checkpoint inhibitors contributes to tumor aggressiveness.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made a paradigm shift in clinical oncology due to unprecedented long-term remissions. However, only a small proportion of patients respond to ICI therapy. It is, therefore, essential to understand the mechanisms driving therapy resistance and to develop strategies for increasing response rates.

Antibiotic-Related Changes in Microbiome: The Hidden Villain behind Colorectal Carcinoma Immunotherapy Failure.

The interplay between drugs and microbiota is critical for successful treatment. An accumulating amount of evidence has identified the significant impact of intestinal microbiota composition on cancer treatment response, particularly immunotherapy. The possible molecular pathways of the interaction between immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the microbiome can be used to reverse immunotherapy tolerance in cancer by using various kinds of interventions on the intestinal bacteria.

What could microRNA expression tell us more about colorectal serrated pathway carcinogenesis?

In the last two decades, the vision of a unique carcinogenesis model for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has completely changed. In addition to the adenoma to carcinoma transition, colorectal carcinogenesis can also occur the serrated pathway. Small non-coding RNA, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), were also shown to be involved in progression towards malignancy.

Cervical adenocarcinoma generator of procoagulant status and ischemic stroke.

The procoagulant status of neoplastic patients is well known in medical literature, but in the last years there is attempted a correlation between the histological types of neoplasia and the risk for thrombotic strokes. We present the case of a 44-years-old patient undergoing early menopause, who was diagnosed with cervical tumor of the serous adenocarcinoma type. The patient underwent external radiotherapy, and, in the seventh day of treatment, she suffered a frontal-temporal-parietal ischemic stroke with left hemiplegia.

Uteroplacental apoplexy associated with invasive cervical neoplasm.

The cervical cancer is the worldwide second neoplasia in women, after the breast cancer. The incidence of invasive carcinoma in pregnancy is 1÷2000 to 1÷10 000 pregnancies. In most of the studies, almost all the patients had microinvasive carcinoma or limited cervical carcinoma at the cervix level.