REBISTART: Adherence of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis to Treatment with Subcutaneous Interferon Beta in the Context of a Patient Support Program.

Introduction: Treatment adherence is a critical success factor in the disease-modifying therapy (DMT) of multiple sclerosis (MS). The REBISTART study prospectively evaluated adherence in patients using components of a patient support program (PSP).

Methods: The 12-month non-interventional multicenter study examined the real-world adherence to subcutaneously (sc) injected interferon beta-1a (Rebif).

Long-term management of multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets beyond year 4.

Introduction: Oral cladribine is a highly effective pulsed selective immune reconstitution therapy licensed for relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) since 2017. A full treatment course comprises two treatment cycles given 1 year apart, followed by two treatment-free years. The management of cladribine-treated patients beyond year 4 needs to be addressed as patients have now passed the initial 4 years since European Medical Agency approval.

Teriflunomide in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: outcomes by age and pre-treatment status.

Background And Aims: To investigate effectiveness and safety of teriflunomide (14 mg once daily) in association with age and pre-treatment in unselected MS patients.

Methods: Prespecified analysis of a non-interventional, prospective, real-world study in Germany.

Results: A total of 558 (49.

Real-life outcomes of teriflunomide treatment in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: TAURUS-MS observational study.

Background: Teriflunomide is a once-daily oral immunomodulatory agent approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to obtain data on the effectiveness, tolerability, and subject satisfaction with teriflunomide (Aubagio®) under clinical practice conditions in unselected MS patients.

Methods: This work was a non-interventional, prospective, longitudinal, observational study in 307 sites in Germany.

Alemtuzumab as rescue therapy in a cohort of 50 relapsing-remitting MS patients with breakthrough disease on fingolimod: a multi-center observational study.

Background: Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) requires efficient immunomodulatory treatment to reach "no evidence of disease activity" status at best. Alemtuzumab and fingolimod have proved to be efficient options in RRMS with active disease course. Yet, side effects and break-through disease may limit long-time treatment and necessitate switch of medication.

An epidemiological study on the course of disease and therapeutic considerations in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients receiving injectable first-line disease-modifying therapies in Germany (EPIDEM).

Background: In relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), 'no evidence of disease activity' (NEDA) is regarded as a key treatment goal. The increasing number of treatments allows for individualized treatment optimization in patients with suboptimal response to first-line disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Therefore, monitoring of clinical and subclinical disease activity on DMTs has been recognized as an important component of long-term patient management.

Adherence to, and effectiveness of, subcutaneous interferon β-1a administered by RebiSmart® in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: results of the 1-year, observational SMART study.

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis who have poor adherence to treatment have a higher risk of relapse than adherent patients. This study assessed adherence to, and effectiveness and convenience of, treatment with subcutaneous (sc) interferon (IFN) β-1a (Rebif®, Merck Serono SA) 44 or 22 μg three times weekly in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) using the RebiSmart® electronic, multidose, autoinjector for 1 year.

Study Design: European, multicentre, observational study among neurologists: inclusion criteria included RMS, Expanded Disability Status Scale score ≤ 6, sc IFN β-1a administered by RebiSmart for ≤ 6 weeks.

Towards the implementation of 'no evidence of disease activity' in multiple sclerosis treatment: the multiple sclerosis decision model.

Objective: The introduction of new and potent therapies for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased the desire for therapeutic success. There is growing doubt that the mere reduction of relapse rate, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) progression and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers are exclusive and appropriate factors to monitor the new aim of 'no evidence of disease activity' (NEDA). However, there is no generally accepted definition so far.

Inflammation in multiple sclerosis: the good, the bad, and the complex.

Inflammation has always been thought of as detrimental in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, emerging genetic data, magnetic-resonance-imaging studies, and immunopathological evidence challenge this simplistic view. The evidence leads to the conclusion that inflammation is tightly regulated, and that its net effect may be beneficial in MS, thus explaining some of the results from recent trials of anti-inflammatory agents.

UM 9(5)h and UM 9(5)p, human and porcine noncoding transcripts with preferential expression in the cerebellum.

We compared the gene expression patterns of fetal and adult porcine brains and identified a sequence tag that was more abundant in adult than in fetal brain. The RNA corresponding to the sequence tag has the highest expression level in adult cerebellum. Lower expression levels of the transcript were found in adult cerebrum, pituitary, and uterus, as well as in fetal brain, heart, intestine, kidney, and liver.