Unequal Exposure to Occupational Stress across the Life Course: The Intersection of Race/Ethnicity and Gender.

Work, a segregated social context in the United States, may be an important source of differential exposure to stress by race/ethnicity, but existing research does not systematically describe variation in exposure to occupational stress by race/ethnicity. Using work history data from the U.S.

Cognitive Health Disparities by Race and Ethnicity: The Role of Occupational Complexity and Occupational Status.

Disparities in older age cognitive health by race/ethnicity persist even after controlling for individual-level indicators of childhood and adult socioeconomic status. High levels of labor market segregation mean that Black and Latino workers, on average, may not have the same exposure to jobs involving complex work with data and people as their White counterparts, aspects of work that appear to be protective of older adult cognition. However, the role of variation in exposure to occupational complexity by race/ethnicity remains understudied as an explanation for cognitive disparities at older ages.

Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US.

Researchers and journalists have argued that work-related factors may be partly responsible for disproportionate COVID-19 infection and death rates among vulnerable groups. We evaluate these issues by describing racial and ethnic differences in the likelihood of work-related exposure to COVID-19. We extend previous studies by considering 12 racial and ethnic groups and five types of potential occupational exposure to the virus: exposure to infection, physical proximity to others, face-to-face discussions, interactions with external customers and the public, and working indoors.

Trajectories of physical functioning among older adults in the US by race, ethnicity and nativity: Examining the role of working conditions.

Latinos in the US live significantly longer than non-Latino whites, but spend more years disabled. Differentials in socioeconomic status account for part, but not all, of the difference in older age disability between Latinos and whites. We hypothesize that a factor often ignored in the literature-the fact that Latinos, on average, have more physically strenuous jobs than non-Latino whites-contributes to the higher Latino risk of functional limitations at older ages.

Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US.

Researchers and journalists have argued that work-related factors may be partly responsible for disproportionate COVID-19 infection and death rates among vulnerable groups. We evaluate these claims by examining racial and ethnic differences in the likelihood of work-related exposure to COVID-19. We extend previous studies by considering 12 racial and ethnic groups and five types of potential occupational exposure to the virus: exposure to infection, physical proximity to others, face-to-face discussions, interactions with external customers and the public, and working indoors.

Ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pulmonary function in children.

Few studies have examined the relationship between ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pulmonary function in children. Major sources include vehicular emissions, home heating, wildland fires, agricultural burning, and power plants. PAHs are an important component of fine particulate matter that has been linked to respiratory health.

Ambient air pollution impairs regulatory T-cell function in asthma.

Background: Asthma is the most frequent chronic disease in children, and children are at high risk for adverse health consequences associated with ambient air pollution (AAP) exposure. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are suppressors of immune responses involved in asthma pathogenesis. Treg-cell impairment is associated with increased DNA methylation of Forkhead box transcription factor 3 (Foxp3), a key transcription factor in Treg-cell activity.

Short-term effects of air pollution on wheeze in asthmatic children in Fresno, California.

Background: Although studies have demonstrated that air pollution is associated with exacerbation of asthma symptoms in children with asthma, little is known about the susceptibility of subgroups, particularly those with atopy.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate our a priori hypothesis that identifiable subgroups of asthmatic children are more likely to wheeze with exposure to ambient air pollution.

Methods: A cohort of 315 children with asthma, 6-11 years of age, was recruited for longitudinal follow-up in Fresno, California (USA).