Multilabel segmentation and analysis of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in routine abdominal CT scans.

Purpose: This paper presents a deep learning-based multi-label segmentation network that extracts a total of three separate adipose tissues and five different muscle tissues in CT slices of the third lumbar vertebra and additionally improves the segmentation of the intermuscular fat.

Method: Based on a self-created data set of 130 patients, an extended Unet structure was trained and evaluated with the help of Dice score, IoU and Pixel Accuracy. In addition, the interobserver variability for the decision between ground truth and post-processed segmentation was calculated to illustrate the relevance in everyday clinical practice.

Associations between ADC histogram analysis values and tumor-micro milieu in uterine cervical cancer.

Background: The complex interactions of the tumor micromilieu may be reflected by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) derived from the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The present study investigated the association between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and histopathologic features in uterine cervical cancer.

Methods: In this retrospective study, prebiopsy MRI was used to analyze histogram ADC-parameters.

CT-Defined Pectoralis Muscle Density Predicts 30-Day Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Nationwide Multicenter Study.

Rationale And Objectives: The prognostic role of computed tomography (CT)-defined skeletal muscle features in COVID-19 is still under investigation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic role of CT-defined skeletal muscle area and density in patients with COVID-19 in a multicenter setting.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study is a part of the German multicenter project RACOON (Radiological Cooperative Network of the COVID-19 pandemic).

Deep learning-assistance significantly increases the detection sensitivity of neurosurgery residents for intracranial aneurysms in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a deep learning model (DLM) in improving the sensitivity of neurosurgery residents to detect intracranial aneurysms on CT angiography (CTA) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods: In this diagnostic accuracy study, a set of 104 CTA scans of aSAH patients containing a total of 126 aneurysms were presented to three blinded neurosurgery residents (a first-year, third-year, and fifth-year resident), who individually assessed them for aneurysms. After the initial reading, the residents were given the predictions of a dedicated DLM previously established for automated detection and segmentation of intracranial aneurysms.

MRI analysis of relative tumor enhancement in liver metastases and correlation with immunohistochemical features.

Objective: Investigate the association between the relative tumor enhancement (RTE) of gadoxetic acid across various MRI phases and immunohistochemical (IHC) features in patients with liver metastases (LM) from colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer (BC), and pancreatic cancer (PC).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 68 patients with LM who underwent 1.5-T MRI scans.

CT-defined muscle density as a prognostic factor in multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell therapy: a retrospective single center study.

Purpose: Skeletal muscle quality assessment can be performed by cross-sectional imaging. Skeletal muscle density (SMD) identified to be of prognostic relevance of several clinically outcomes in patients with hematological diseases. The purpose of the present study was to establish the effect of SMD on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

The prognostic relevance of pleural effusion in patients with COVID-19 - A German multicenter study.

Purpose: This study evaluates the prognostic significance of pleural effusion (PE) in COVID-19 patients across thirteen centers in Germany, aiming to clarify its role in predicting clinical outcomes.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis within the RACOON project (Radiological Cooperative Network of the COVID-19 pandemic), 1183 patients (29.3 % women, 70.

[Prognostic value of body composition in oncological visceral surgery].

Screening of nutritional status of cancer patients plays a crucial role in the perioperative management and is mandatory for the certification of oncological centers by the German Cancer Society (DKG). The available screening tools do not differentiate between muscle and adipose tissue. Recent advances in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as the automatic picture archiving communication system (PACS) imaging analysis by high performance reconstruction systems have recently enabled a detailed analysis of adipose tissue and muscle quality.

Coronary stent imaging in photon counting computed tomography: improved imaging of in-stent stenoses in a phantom with optimized reconstruction kernels.

Objectives: Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is becoming increasingly important in the workup of coronary artery disease. Imaging of stents and in-stent stenoses remains a challenge. This work investigates the assessability of in-stent stenoses in photon counting CT (PCCT) using ultra-high-resolution (UHR) imaging and optimized reconstruction kernels.

Associations between Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Histopathological Features in Cholangiocarcinoma.

Introduction: The relationships between histopathology and imaging remain elusive, and investigating the underlying reasons for tumor microstructure leading to an imaging phenotype is of clinical importance. In the present study, a cross-sectional guided biopsy specimen was used to correlate prebioptic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with immunohistochemical staining of the histopathologic specimen using precise spatial biopsy localization.

Methods: Twenty-seven patients with mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) were included in the present analysis.

Radiomics parameters of epicardial adipose tissue predict mortality in acute pulmonary embolism.

Background: Accurate prediction of short-term mortality in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is very important. The aim of the present study was to analyze the prognostic role of radiomics values of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in APE.

Methods: Overall, 508 patients were included into the study, 209 female (42.

Non-contrast-enhanced MR-angiography of Extracranial Arteries in Acute Ischemic Stroke at 1.5 Tesla Using Relaxation-Enhanced Angiography Without Contrast and Triggering (REACT).

Purpose: To evaluate a novel flow-independent sequence (Relaxation-Enhanced Angiography without Contrast and Triggering (REACT)) for imaging of the extracranial arteries in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) at 1.5 T.

Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 47 AIS patients who received REACT (scan time: 3:01 min) and contrast-enhanced MRA (CE-MRA) of the extracranial arteries at 1.

The Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Patients with Solid Tumors Differs Across Regions: A Systematic Review.

The purpose of the meta-analysis was to compare the prevalence of sarcopenia on staging computed tomography (CT) in patients with solid tumors in different world regions. MEDLINE, Embase, and SCOPUS literature databases were screened for prevalence of sarcopenia in oncologic patients up to December 2022. Two hundred eighty studies met the inclusion criteria.

Gyroscope-Assisted CT-Guided Puncture Improves Accuracy and Hit Rate Compared with Free-Hand Puncture: A Phantom Study.

Purpose: To evaluate gyroscope-assisted CT-guided needle puncture (GAP) compared to free hand puncture (FHP) in a phantom.

Material And Methods: A simple, low-cost gyroscope was equipped with a magnetic rail to attach it to common puncture needles. 18 radiologists with different levels of training and experience in CT-guided punctures first punctured three targets in free hand technique in a special biopsy phantom with different difficulty levels of the puncture path (T1: not angulated, needle path 7.

Pleural and pericardial effusions as prognostic factors in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: a multicenter study.

Purpose: The prognostic role of pleural and pericardial effusion in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is still unclear with a trend for worse clinical outcome. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the prognostic role of pleural and pericardial effusion in patients with acute PE in a large multicentre setting.

Methods: The investigated patient sampled was retrospectively comprised of 1082 patients (494 female, 45.

Translational Imaging in Cerebral Tumors.

Despite emerging possibilities of molecular histopathologic characterization, multiparametric MRI plays a key role in the diagnosis and classification of cerebral tumors. Imaging may also provide additional information about relevant histopathologic features of these tumors. See related article by Gao et al.

Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 analysis of cardiovascular magnetic resonance reports in suspected myocarditis: A multicenter study.

Background: Diagnosing myocarditis relies on multimodal data, including cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), clinical symptoms, and blood values. The correct interpretation and integration of CMR findings require radiological expertise and knowledge. We aimed to investigate the performance of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), a large language model, for report-based medical decision-making in the context of cardiac MRI for suspected myocarditis.

Skeletal muscle quality predicts overall survival in advanced liver hepatocellular carcinoma treated with SIRT and sorafenib: A subanalysis of the SORAMIC trial.

Background And Aims: Our purpose was to assess the impact of muscle quality on overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced HCC.

Methods: This is a subanalysis of the SORAMIC trial. Overall, 363 patients were included.

Impact of an online reference system on the diagnosis of rare or atypical abdominal tumors and lesions.

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate whether an online reference system (ORS, STATdx Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands) impacts finding the histologically confirmed diagnosis of rare or atypical abdominal tumors and lesions in radiologic imaging. In total, 101 patients with rare tumor entities or lesions and atypical manifestations of common tumors were enrolled retrospectively. Blinded readings were performed by four radiologists with varying levels of experience, who reported on: (a) correct diagnosis (CD), (b) time needed to find the diagnosis, and (c) diagnostic confidence, initially without followed by the assistance of the ORS.

Short-term mortality prediction in acute pulmonary embolism: Radiomics values of skeletal muscle and intramuscular adipose tissue.

Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a potentially life-threatening disorder, emphasizing the importance of accurate risk stratification and survival prognosis. The exploration of imaging biomarkers that can reflect patient survival holds the potential to further enhance the stratification of APE patients, enabling personalized treatment and early intervention. Therefore, in this study, we develop computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) radiomic signatures for the prognosis of 7- and 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with APE.

Long-term Safety and Efficacy of the Derivo Embolization Device in a Single-center Series.

Purpose: This study analyzes the long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of the Derivo Embolization Device (DED), an advanced flow diverter device with an electropolished surface, for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Methods: A consecutive series of 101 patients (mean age: 58 years, 72% female) treated with the DED for 122 aneurysms at a single center between 2017 and 2023 was retrospectively analyzed for major (change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score ≥ 4 points) and minor (change in NIHSS score < 4 points) neurological events, procedural morbidity (increase of at least one point on the modified Rankin Scale), and angiographic results.

Results: There were 14 (11%) recurrent aneurysms, 15 (12%) ruptured aneurysms, 26 (21%) posterior circulation aneurysms and 16 (13%) fusiform or dissecting aneurysms.

Low subcutaneous adipose tissue and myosteatosis are prognostic factors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) represents the only curative treatment option for several hematological neoplasms. This study aimed to assess the parameters of body composition as predictors of post-transplant overall survival (OS) and adverse events in patients with leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 122 adult patients who underwent their first allo-HSCT.