Microbiological characterization of neuropathic diabetic foot infection: a retrospective study at a Portuguese tertiary hospital.

Diabetic foot infection imposes a significant burden and is the major cause of nontraumatic limb amputation. Adequate patient management with effective antibiotic therapy is crucial.This retrospective cohort study aimed to characterize the microbiology and resistance patterns of moderate to severe neuropathic diabetic foot infection in patients hospitalized at a tertiary referral hospital between January 2020 and June 2023.

Association of metabolic syndrome components and NAFLD with quality of life: Insights from a cross-sectional study.

Aim: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with higher cardiovascular and metabolic risks, as well as with psychosocial disorders. Data regarding quality of life (QoL) in patients with MetS, point towards a significative association between MetS and a worse QoL. It remains unclear whether MetS components and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are associated with QoL in these individuals.

Prediabetes remission after bariatric surgery: a 4-years follow-up study.

Background: Bariatric surgery leads to weight loss and to cardiometabolic risk improvement. Although prediabetes remission after bariatric surgery is biologically plausible, data on this topic is scarce. We aimed to assess prediabetes remission rate and clinical predictors of remission in a 4 year follow up period.

COVID-19 Lockdown and Impact on 2-Year Weight Loss in a Bariatric Center.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a worldwide lockdown, which affected physical exercise habits, as well as having a detrimental effect on psychological health and follow-up visits of patients submitted to bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the 2-year weight loss of patients submitted to bariatric surgery in our center.

Methods: This was an observational study comparing the weight loss of patients who underwent bariatric surgery from January to March 2020 with a control group submitted to surgery between January and March 2017.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy With and Without SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the efficacy of combination therapy is unclear.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of GLP-1 RAs on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2D treated with or without SGLT2 inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced endocrinopathies: a possible indicator of improved survival.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the patients' characteristics and the development of endocrine toxicity and to assess the association between endocrine-related adverse effects (ERAE) development and mortality.

Subjects And Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in 98 patients submitted to immunotherapy in our centre since its introduction in 2015 until March 2021. We excluded patients for which data regarding the corticotroph axis evaluation was missing.

Clinical and Pathophysiologic Insights of Free triiodothyronine/Free thyroxine Ratio in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Data from the NETDiamond Cohort.

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is common in patients with heart failure (HF). Impaired conversion of free T4 (FT4) into free T3 (FT3) is thought to occur in these patients, decreasing the availability of FT3 and contributing to HF progression. In HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), it is not known whether changes in conversion of thyroid hormones (THs) are associated with clinical status and outcomes.

The role of Graves' disease in the development of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer.

Aim: The prevalence of thyroid nodules and the risk of thyroid cancer in patients with Graves' disease is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and cancer in patients with Graves' disease.

Methods: Retrospective observational study of adult subjects with Graves' disease (positive autoantibodies thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs)) between 2017 and 2021 at our center was done.

Effects of Triiodothyronine Treatment in an Animal Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Low levels of triiodothyronine (T3) are common in patients with heart failure (HF). Our aim was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with low and replacement doses of T3 in an animal model of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We evaluated four groups: ZSF1 Lean ( = 8, Lean-Ctrl), ZSF1 Obese (rat model of metabolic-induced HFpEF,  = 13, HFpEF), ZSF1 Obese treated with a replacement dose of T3 ( = 8, HFpEF-T3high), and ZSF1 Obese treated with a low-dose of T3 ( = 8, HFpEF-T3low).

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without chronic heart failure: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled outcome trials.

Aim: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) reduce atherosclerotic events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a high cardiovascular risk. The effect of GLP1-RA to reduce heart failure (HF) has been inconsistent across T2D trials, and individual trials were underpowered to assess the effect of GLP1-RA according to HF history. In this meta-analysis we aim to assess the effect of GLP1-RA in patients with and without HF history in stable ambulatory patients with T2D.

Association of thyroid function, within the euthyroid range, with cardiovascular risk: The EPIPorto study.

Background: Thyroid hormones are important modulators of cardiovascular function. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are known to contribute to an increased cardiovascular risk. It remains uncertain whether thyroid hormones level within the euthyroid range are associated with cardiometabolic risk.

Higher magnesium levels are associated with better glycaemic control and diabetes remission post-bariatric surgery.

Background: Low Magnesium (Mg) dietary intake has been associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, in patients with T2DM, hypomagnesemia is associated with worst glycaemic control. Bariatric surgery (BS) remains the most effective treatment in severe obesity and also provides resolution/improvement of T2DM.

Microbiota Modulation in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises a vast range of metabolic dysfunctions, which can be associated to cardiovascular disease risk factors. MS is reaching pandemic levels worldwide and it currently affects around 25% in the adult population of developed countries. The definition states for the diagnosis of MS may be clear, but it is also relevant to interpret the patient data and realize whether similar criteria were used by different clinicians.

Waist-to-Hip Ratio and Inflammatory Parameters Are Associated with Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Morbid Obesity.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with several other metabolic disorders, which are typically pro-inflammatory states. Body fat content is an important marker of metabolic health and abdominal fat is associated with harmful cardiometabolic outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the association between the risk of NAFLD (through Fatty Liver Index (FLI), and BMI, AST/ALT ratio, and presence of diabetes (BARD)), and anthropometric parameters, predictors of metabolic status, in patients with morbid obesity, and to evaluate the association of FLI and BARD scores with pro-inflammatory markers.

Risk of adverse events with liraglutide in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A post hoc analysis of the FIGHT trial.

Aim: To perform a post hoc analysis of the FIGHT trial, evaluating the effect of liraglutide (vs. placebo) on the totality of events in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Materials And Methods: FIGHT was a double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) that studied liraglutide versus placebo in 300 recently hospitalized patients with HFrEF followed for 180 days.

Albiglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure: a post-hoc analysis from Harmony Outcomes.

Aim: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, some studies suggest that their effects in patients with heart failure (HF) may be attenuated. We aimed to explore the effects of the GLP1-RA albiglutide on HF outcomes in patients with and without HF history enrolled in the Harmony Outcomes trial.

Magnesium Supplementation Is Associated with a Lower Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Patients Submitted to Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: Literature has demonstrated an inverse relation between magnesium (Mg) consumption and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HT), and dyslipidemia. After bariatric surgery (BS), micronutrients deficiencies are common, it being important to ensure appropriate supplementation. There is no recommendation about Mg supplementation and to our knowledge, its effect has not been studied to date.

Oral glucose tolerance testing at 1 h and 2 h: relationship with glucose and cardiometabolic parameters and agreement for pre-diabetes diagnosis in patients with morbid obesity.

Background: One hour plasma glucose concentration (1hPG) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) may be an alternative to 2-h plasma glucose concentration (2hPG) in the identification of individuals at increased risk of hyperglycaemia, although its role is not fully understood.

Aim: We aim to investigate the relationship of these measures with other glucose parameters, as well as their relationship with cardiometabolic risk markers and the level of agreement for prediabetes mellitus diagnosis, in a sample of patients with morbid obesity.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 656 patients with morbid obesity without diagnosed diabetes.

Virchow node of an unusual aetiology - the experience of a clinical case.

Background: The cause of adult adenomegalies may be defiant. On the other hand, ectopic thyroid is a rare condition that happens in every 1:100000 to 300,000 of healthy individuals. Here, we present a case report that joins these two clinical rare and defiant challenges.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Endocrine Axes-A Scoping Review.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. NAFLD often occurs associated with endocrinopathies. Evidence suggests that endocrine dysfunction may play an important role in NAFLD development, progression, and severity.

Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular events in overweight or obese adults without diabetes: A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials.

Our aim was to study the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) on the risk of any cardiovascular event in adults with overweight or obesity and without diabetes. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials. Nine trials were eligible and, in total, 11 430 patients were included, of which 7702 (67%) were submitted to treatment with GLP-1 RA.

Subacute Thyroiditis After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaxzevria Vaccination in a Patient With Thyroid Autoimmunity.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been challenging the scientific community to promptly treat the patients and mitigate its spreading. The rapid development of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is being highly effective, but it is still lacking knowledge about its side effects. Epidemiological studies point toward virus infection as causative agents of subacute thyroiditis.

Statin Therapy Among Bariatric Patients: The Impact on Metabolic Outcomes and Diabetes Status.

Introduction: Statin therapy is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes. Among bariatric patients, the influence of this therapy on various metabolic outcomes, such as diabetes status and its remission, is largely unknown.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 1710 patients who underwent bariatric surgery at our hospital between January/2010 and June/2017.