First reported long-term two- and three-dimensional echocardiographic follow-up with histopathological analysis of a transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation in a pet dog.

Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI) is indicated for use in the management of failing pulmonary valves in humans. We report here the long-term follow-up of the first documented transcatheter pulmonary valve implanted in a client-owned dog. A one-year-old Beagle dog with severe congenital type A valvular pulmonic stenosis first underwent percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty, leading two years later to severe pulmonary regurgitation.

Animal model considerations to evaluate prosthetic tricuspid valve implants.

Aims: Determining tricuspid valve comparative anatomy and appropriate animal models for preclinical evaluation of prosthetic tricuspid valve implants.

Methods And Results: We described and measured 81 heart specimens: 12 humans, 22 dogs, 21 sheep and 26 pigs. Tricuspid annulus circumference varied in humans from 109 to 149 mm, in pigs from 85 to 140 mm, and were ≤125 mm in dogs and sheep.

The variety of phenotypes behind 'double outlet right ventricle': clinical and imaging presentations in four dogs and a cat.

This report describes five cases of double outlet right ventricle (DORV) in four dogs (aged 3-18 months, two males and two females) and a domestic shorthair cat (aged 6 months, female) who presented with various clinical signs including tachypnea (n = 5), exercise intolerance (n = 5), mucous cyanosis (n = 3), delayed growth (n = 2), and/or lethargy (n = 2). The represented canine breeds were poodle, Yorkshire terrier, Samoyed, and Shetland sheepdog. For all animals, echocardiography revealed marked aortic dextroposition with both arterial trunks totally arising from the right ventricle, associated with a ventricular septal defect and various other congenital abnormalities, including subvalvular aortic stenosis (n = 2), minor aortic insufficiency (n = 5), subvalvular pulmonic stenosis with pulmonary trunk hypoplasia (n = 1), patent ductus arteriosus (n = 1), minor mitral and/or tricuspid dysplasia (n = 3).

Successful transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation in a dog: first clinical report.

Transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) implantation is a therapeutic approach approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for human patients with failing pulmonary conduits in 2010 and for failing bioprosthetic surgical pulmonary valves in 2017. We report here the first successful transcatheter implantation of a stented valve in a pulmonary position in a dog with congenital pulmonary valve disease. A 3-year-old, 10.

Anticoagulation With an Inhibitor of Factors XIa and XIIa During Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Background: Exposure of blood to polyanionic artificial surfaces, for example, during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), induces a highly procoagulant condition requiring strong anticoagulation. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is currently used during CPB but can lead to serious bleeding complications or development of a hypercoagulable state culminating in life-threatening thrombosis, highlighting the need for safer antithrombotics. Ixodes ricinus contact phase inhibitor (Ir-CPI) is a protein expressed by I.

Effect of time from onset to endovascular therapy on outcomes: the National Acute Stroke Israeli (NASIS)-REVASC registry.

Background: Endovascular therapy (EVT) is currently the most effective treatment for emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) stroke. Earlier treatment is associated with a better clinical outcome. Our aim was to examine the association between onset-to-EVT (OTE) time and clinical outcomes using real-world nationwide data from the National Acute Stroke ISraeli (NASIS)-REVASC registry.

Specific features and survival of French bulldogs with congenital pulmonic stenosis: a prospective cohort study of 66 cases.

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic features of French bulldogs (FBs) with congenital pulmonic stenosis and document their survival times and risk factors for cardiac death (CD).

Animals: This study included 66 FBs with congenital pulmonic stenosis.

Methods: Prospective cohort study including a survival analysis to assess time to CD.

Successful transcatheter retrieval of embolized Amplatz Canine Duct Occluders in two dogs.

Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using an Amplatz® Canine Duct Occluder (ACDO) is routinely performed in dogs. Pulmonary embolization of the device is a rarely reported complication of this procedure. We report here the first two cases of successful transcatheter retrieval of an embolized ACDO.

Comparative anatomy and angiography of the cardiac coronary venous system in four species: human, ovine, porcine, and canine.

Introduction: The coronary arterial system has been the subject of greater investigation than its venous system due to the importance of human coronary artery disease. With the advent of new percutaneous treatments, the anatomy of the coronary venous system has increasing relevancy. We compared the organization of the coronary venous circulation in three species commonly used in research and compared these to normal humans using both macroscopic anatomic and angiographic studies.

Intracardiac echocardiography: use during transcatheter device closure of a patent ductus arteriosus in a dog.

Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is used in humans for percutaneous interventional procedures, such as transcatheter device closures. Intracardiac echocardiography provides high-resolution imaging of cardiac structures with two-dimensional, M-mode, Doppler, and also three-dimensional modalities. The present report describes application of ICE during transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus using a canine ductal occluder in a dog for which transesophageal echocardiography could not provide an optimal acoustic window.

Surgical Treatment of Cor Triatriatum Sinister in a Cat Under Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Objective: To report the surgical repair of cor triatriatum sinister (CTS) incorporating heart-beating cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a cat.

Study Design: Clinical case report.

Animal: Fourteen-month-old, 5.

Essential phospholipids prevent islet damage induced by proinflammatory cytokines and hypoxic conditions.

Background: The pancreatic islet damage that occurs through an inflammatory response and hypoxia after infusion is a major hurdle in islet transplantation. Because essential phospholipids (EPL) have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in liver disease, we analysed their protective effect on islets in inflammatory or hypoxic conditions.

Methods: We evaluated the viability of mouse and human islets cultured with cytokines or in hypoxic conditions for 48 h and measured cytokine expression in islets by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Ovarian function is restored after grafting of cryopreserved immature ovary in ewes.

As a result of advances in medical treatment, almost 80% of children who are diagnosed with cancer survive long-term. The adverse consequences of cancer treatments include impaired puberty and fertility. In prepubertal girls, the only therapeutic option is the cryopreservation of an ovary.

A new self-expandable transcatheter aortic valve for transapical implantation: feasibility in acute and chronic animal experiments.

Objectives: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is currently expanding worldwide, however all available prostheses share some fundamental design drawbacks. We investigated the feasibility, safety and hemodynamic performance of the innovative transapical Acurate TA™ self-expandable device, which has the unique advantage of offering anatomically correct self-alignment within the aortic root.

Design: Transapical TAVI was performed in six acute swine and six chronic sheep procedures, with follow-up of 7, 14, 21, 28, 60 and 90 days.

Expression of EAAT2 in neurons and protoplasmic astrocytes during human cortical development.

The major regulators of synaptic glutamate in the cerebral cortex are the excitatory amino acid transporters 1-3 (EAAT1-3). In this study, we determined the cellular and temporal expression of EAAT1-3 in the developing human cerebral cortex. We applied single- and double-label immunocytochemistry to normative frontal or parietal (associative) cortex samples from 14 cases ranging in age from 23 gestational weeks to 2.

Brainstem deficiency of the 14-3-3 regulator of serotonin synthesis: a proteomics analysis in the sudden infant death syndrome.

Impaired brainstem responses to homeostatic challenges during sleep may result in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Previously we reported a deficiency of serotonin (5-HT) and its key biosynthetic enzyme, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH2), in SIDS infants in the medullary 5-HT system that modulates homeostatic responses during sleep. Yet, the underlying basis of the TPH2 and 5-HT deficiency is unknown.

Late development of the GABAergic system in the human cerebral cortex and white matter.

Despite the key role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the modulation of cerebral cortical output, little is known about their development in the human cortex. We analyzed several GABAergic parameters in standardized regions of the cerebral cortex and white matter in a total of 38 human fetuses and infants from 19 gestational weeks to 2.7 postnatal years using immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, tissue autoradiography, and computer-based cellular quantitation.

Echoguided closed commissurotomy for mitral valve stenosis in a dog.

Surgical treatment of mitral stenosis (MS) usually consists of open mitral commissurotomy (MC) or percutaneous balloon MC, which require a cardiopulmonary bypass or transseptal approach, respectively. We describe here the first surgical management of congenital MS in a dog using a less invasive procedure, a surgical closed MC under direct echo guidance. A 5-year-old female Cairn terrier was referred for ascites, weakness, and marked exercise intolerance for 2 months, which was refractory to medical treatment.

Transcatheter glue arterial embolization of a mass in the hind limb of a dog.

This article reports the use of transarterial glue embolization in the treatment of a soft-tissue mass in the hind limb of a dog that was referred for a > 15-cm diameter soft tissue mass in the caudal thigh. Clinical improvement showed that the percutaneous therapeutic cyanoacrylate glue embolization procedure was technically feasible and useful.

Preclinical study of the novel vascular occluding agent, WST11, for photodynamic therapy of the canine prostate.

Purpose: Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy with WST09 shows promise for recurrent prostate cancer after radiation but hydrophobicity in aqueous solutions limited application. We tested the safety and efficacy of WST11, a novel water soluble vascular occluding agent, for vascular targeted photodynamic therapy of the dog prostate and compared it to WST09 vascular targeted photodynamic therapy.

Materials And Methods: Optical fibers were inserted in the prostate and connected to diode lasers.

Hemodynamic exercise testing and hormonal status in a sheep model of congestive heart failure.

Backgrounds: The aim of the present study was to investigate the hormonal status and hemodynamic performance of a sheep model of congestive heart failure at rest and during maximum exercise.

Methods: The current investigation was a prospective, experimental study and was carried out in an experimental laboratory. Animals were randomly assigned to a congestive heart failure or control group.

Successful treatment of a congenital pulmonic valvular stenosis in a snow leopard (Uncia uncia) by percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty.

A 3-yr-old intact female snow leopard (Uncia uncia) was evaluated for progressive apathy, lethargy, and decreased appetite. Cardiac auscultation revealed a left basal grade IV/VI systolic ejection murmur, and an echocardiogram confirmed a severe pulmonic valvular stenosis (pressure gradient of 98 mm Hg). The lesion was managed by balloon valvuloplasty, resulting in a marked pressure gradient reduction (30 mm Hg).

Prevalence and predictors of concomitant carotid and coronary artery atherosclerotic disease.

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the relationship between coronary and carotid atherosclerotic disease using current guidelines for the definition of carotid artery stenosis (CAS).

Background: The reported prevalence of concomitant coronary and carotid atherosclerotic disease has varied among studies due to differences in study populations and methodologies used.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data obtained between January 2007 and May 2009 from consecutive patients undergoing same-day coronary angiography and carotid Doppler studies.

Brainstem serotonergic deficiency in sudden infant death syndrome.

Context: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is postulated to result from abnormalities in brainstem control of autonomic function and breathing during a critical developmental period. Abnormalities of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) receptor binding in regions of the medulla oblongata involved in this control have been reported in infants dying from SIDS.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that 5-HT receptor abnormalities in infants dying from SIDS are associated with decreased tissue levels of 5-HT, its key biosynthetic enzyme (tryptophan hydroxylase [TPH2]), or both.