Vitamin D Status, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Context: Vitamin D status has been associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but evidence is scarce regarding whether such relation differs by glycemic status.

Objective: To prospectively investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and risk of incident T2D across the glycemic spectrum and the modification effect of genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR).

Methods: This prospective study included 379 699 participants without T2D at baseline from the UK Biobank.

T Cell Subsets are Associated with Clinical Activity and Efficacy of 4.5g Intravenous Glucocorticoid for Moderate-To-Severe Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.

Background: Intravenous glucocorticoid (IVGC) remains the main treatment for moderate-to-severe and active thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). However, a substantial number (20-30%) of active moderate-to-severe TAO patients may not respond to IVGC. Some patients may have disease progression despite IVGC treatment or relapse after steroid withdrawal.

Association of Insulin Resistance and β-cell Function With Bone Turnover Biomarkers in Dysglycemia Patients.

Background: The interrelation between glucose and bone metabolism is complex and has not been fully revealed. This study aimed to investigate the association between insulin resistance, β-cell function and bone turnover biomarker levels among participants with abnormal glycometabolism.

Methods: A total of 5277 subjects were involved through a cross-sectional study (METAL study, http://www.

Influence of 4-week or 12-week glucocorticoid treatment on metabolic changes in patients with active moderate-to-severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a serious, progressive, vision-threatening and difficult-to-treat organ-specific autoimmune disease. The course, therapeutic effects and prognosis of moderate to severe TAO vary greatly. High-dose intravenous glucocorticoid (IVGC) therapy is considered a first-line treatment for active moderate-to-severe TAO, but there is still insufficient evidence regarding the treatment duration.

Bone Turnover Markers and Probable Advanced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men and Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetic patients have a higher incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced stages of fibrosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with impaired bone health. We aimed to investigate whether bone turnover is associated with the probable presence of NASH and fibrosis. In total, 4,937 diabetic participants from Shanghai, China were enrolled in 2018.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Oral Lichen Planus Associated With Thyroid Diseases in East China.

To investigate the prevalence of thyroid diseases in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and to explore the correlation between the two diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the history of thyroid disease in 585 patients with oral lichen planus diagnosed in the Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases of the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine from June 2017 to April 2018 and in 10,441 normal people in an epidemiological survey conducted by endocrinology department of Ninth People's Hospitalin eastern China from 2014 to 2015. Personal medical history of thyroid disease was obtained through questionnaire and thyroid function was also tested.

C-peptide is associated with NAFLD inflammatory and fibrotic progression in type 2 diabetes.

Background: A higher prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced stages of fibrosis was observed in type 2 diabetes. We aim to investigate whether C-peptide is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression in type 2 diabetic adults.

Methods: A total of 4937 diabetic participants were enrolled from China in 2018.

Comparison of Abdominal Obesity and Fatty Liver and Their Association with Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the similarities and differences between nonalcoholic fatty liver (FL) disease (NAFLD) and abdominal obesity in their association with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: The Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-China) is a population-based survey of Chinese adults. A total of 9,685 participants (median age, 53 years; interquartile range, 44-63) were grouped into four categories by waist circumference (WC) and NAFLD status: NWC/FL(-), NWC/FL(+), HWC/FL(-), and HWC/FL(+) [FL(-), without NAFLD; FL(+), with NAFLD; HWC, higher WC; NWC, normal WC].

Ectopic thyroids have lower computed tomography attenuation values than orthotopic thyroids.

Purpose: To determine whether ectopic thyroid had the same computed tomography (CT) value as orthotopic thyroid.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with 23 ectopic thyroids and 23 controls with orthotopic thyroids underwent CT scans and were included in this retrospective study. The CT images were reviewed in a blinded fashion by two radiologists.

Fatty Liver as a Potential Surrogate for Waist Circumference in the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome: A Population-Based Study among Chinese Adults.

Increased waist circumference (WC) is an essential component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Asians have been found to have more intra-abdominal adipose tissue than Caucasians, in spite of having smaller WC. The purpose of this study was to explore whether NAFLD could be used as a surrogate for MetS diagnosis in the normal WC population.

Age and gender-specific distribution of metabolic syndrome components in East China: role of hypertriglyceridemia in the SPECT-China study.

Background: Chinese population are experiencing remarkably changes of economic and cultural environments. The present study was to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) by age between genders and to investigate the current characteristics of MetS and its components in China.

Methods: SPECT-China is a population-based cross-sectional survey on Chinese adults aged ≥18 years in East China.

Iodized Salt Intake and Its Association with Urinary Iodine, Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies, and Thyroglobulin Antibodies Among Urban Chinese.

Background: Whether iodized salt increases the risk of thyroid disease has been strongly debated in China, especially in the urban areas of coastal regions, in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the status of iodized salt in terms of urinary and serum iodine concentration in urban coastal areas, and to explore further whether consumption of iodized salt or non-iodized salt is associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD).

Methods: The data source was SPECT-China, a cross-sectional study in East China.

Are thyroid nodules associated with sex-related hormones? A cross-sectional SPECT-China study.

Objective: Little is known about the association between thyroid nodules (TNs) and endogenous sex hormones. We aimed to investigate the relationship between TNs and sex-related hormones among men in China.

Setting: The data were obtained from a cross-sectional study Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-China study, 2014-2015) based on the population.

A Higher Ratio of Estradiol to Testosterone Is Associated with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Males.

Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is highly prevalent. Although AITD is less common in males, it is unclear whether estradiol (E) combined with total testosterone (T) contributes to the prevalence of AITD. This study evaluated the association between the E/T ratio and the prevalence of AITD in males.

Serum Uric Acid Is Associated with Erectile Dysfunction: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Men.

The role that serum uric acid (UA) plays in the pathophysiological development of erectile dysfunction (ED) is controversial. We aimed to screen the factors related with ED, and to examine the association between serum UA and ED. Our data were derived from a cross-sectional Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors study in 2014-2015.

Cadmium exposure and its association with serum uric acid and hyperuricemia.

Few studies have investigated the association between serum uric acid (UA) and cadmium exposure. Our previous study revealed a significantly higher blood cadmium (CdB) level in the Chinese population compared to populations in other countries. To determine whether CdB in Chinese adults is associated with serum UA and hyperuricemia, 2996 participants from the cross-sectional SPECT-China study were recruited.

Follicle stimulating hormone, its novel association with sex hormone binding globulin in men and postmenopausal women.

Purpose: Follicle stimulating hormone plays direct roles in a variety of nongonadal tissues and sex hormone binding globulin is becoming the convergence of the crosstalk among metabolic diseases. However, no studies have explored the association between follicle stimulating hormone and sex hormone binding globulin. We aimed to study this association among men and women.

Exposure to severe famine in the prenatal or postnatal period and the development of diabetes in adulthood: an observational study.

Aims/hypothesis: Limited studies have compared the effect of prenatal or postnatal exposure to different severities of famine on the risk of developing diabetes. We aimed to measure the association between diabetes in adulthood and the exposure to different degrees of famine early in life (during the prenatal or postnatal period) during China's Great Famine (1959-1962).

Methods: Data from 3967 individuals were included (a total of 2115 individuals from areas severely affected by famine, 1858 from moderately affected areas, 6 excluded due to missing data).

Blood cadmium in Chinese adults and its relationships with diabetes and obesity.

The aim of this study is to evaluate blood cadmium levels (BCLs) in Chinese adults and explore whether blood cadmium is associated with diabetes or obesity. This study included 5544 adults from a cross-sectional SPECT-China study. BCL and blood lead level (BLL) was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry.

The nine-year changes of the incidence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in China: longitudinal comparisons of the two cross-sectional surveys in a newly formed urban community.

Background: To assess the 9-year changes of the incidence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese community under the background of dramatically changed environment.

Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys of the general population were carried out in 2005 and 2014 in Dengmin and Hongnan villages of Fengcheng community, a newly formed urban community from rural area 10 years ago. All permanent adult residents aged 18-80 without active malignant tumors and pregnancy were invited to attend the study.

Exposure to Famine in Early Life and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adulthood.

Context: Epidemiologic studies have indicated that early life nutrition influences later risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is also considered a metabolic disease.

Objective: The aim was to explore the association between adult NAFLD and fetal or childhood exposure to Great Chinese Famine between 1959 and 1962 during fetal and childhood period.

Neck circumference as an independent indicator to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-obese men.

Background: To investigate the relationship of the neck circumference (NC) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in non-obese Chinese population.

Methods: Our data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of metabolic diseases and risk factors in East China in 2014. Subjects with a BMI ≥ 18.