Low-dose colchicine for stroke prevention: A systematic overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Background: Stroke incidence remains a significant concern despite optimized prevention strategies. Colchicine shows potential for improving stroke prevention globally.

Aims: To summarize efficacy and safety estimates from systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing colchicine to usual care or placebo for stroke prevention.

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in clinical practice in Brazil: recommendations from the Scientific Department of Cognitive Neurology and Aging of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology.

In recent years, the diagnostic accuracy of Alzheimer's disease has been enhanced by the development of different types of biomarkers that indicate the presence of neuropathological processes. In addition to improving patient selection for clinical trials, biomarkers can assess the effects of new treatments on pathological processes. However, there is concern about the indiscriminate and poorly supported use of biomarkers, especially in asymptomatic individuals or those with subjective cognitive decline.

Use of anti-amyloid therapies for Alzheimer's disease in Brazil: a position paper from the Scientific Department of Cognitive Neurology and Aging of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology.

Novel therapies for Alzheimer's disease, particularly anti-amyloid drugs like lecanemab and donanemab, have shown modest clinical benefits but also significant risks. The present paper highlights the challenges of access to diagnosis, cost-effectiveness, safety, and the need for more representation of diverse populations in clinical trials. Recommendations include careful patient selection, risk-benefit analysis, and the importance of proven amyloid pathology for treatment.

How are early-career dementia researchers considered and supported on a national level by dementia plans and organizations? An overview of global policy approaches.

Introduction: Despite representing an essential workforce, it is unclear how global policy efforts target early-career dementia researchers (ECDRs). Thus, this study aimed to provide an overview of policies through which ECDRs are considered and supported by dementia plans and organizations.

Methods: G20 member states were evaluated for their national dementia plan alongside policies of leading dementia organizations.

Poor sleep quality is an important modifiable risk factor for dementia: Population attributable fraction of poor sleep in a Brazilian population-based study.

Objectives: The populational impact of poor sleep quality and the risk of dementia is unclear. We analyzed the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of poor sleep quality for dementia, and its association with other two sleep parameters through self-reported and single questions collected in a large-scale Brazilian cohort (ELSI-Brazil).

Methods: A subset of the ELSI-Brazil with complete responses to sleep quality was retrieved for this study.

A Brazilian Rare-Disease Center's Experience with Glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) in Patients with Gaucher Disease: Exploring a Novel Correlation with IgG Levels in Plasma and a Biomarker Measurement in CSF.

Gaucher disease (GD, OMIM 230800) is one of the most common lysosomal disorders, being caused by the deficient activity of the enzyme acid β-glucocerebrosidase (Gcase). Three clinical forms of Gaucher's disease (GD) are classified based on neurological involvement. Type 1 (GD1) is non-neuronopathic, while types 2 (GD2) and 3 (GD3) are neuronopathic forms.

Autoimmune encephalitis in a resource-limited public health setting: a case series analysis.

Background:  Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) consists of a group of acquired diseases that affect the central nervous system. A myriad of phenotypes may be present at the onset. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations, it is difficult to achieve uniformity for the diagnostic and therapeutic processes and follow-up strategies.

The cortical thickness of tricenarian cocaine users assembles features of an octogenarian brain.

It has been suggested that substance use disorders could lead to accelerated biological aging, but only a few neuroimaging studies have investigated this hypothesis so far. In this cross-sectional study, structural neuroimaging was performed to measure cortical thickness (CT) in tricenarian adults with cocaine use disorder (CUD, n  = 30) and their age-paired controls (YC, n  = 30), and compare it with octogenarian elder controls (EC, n  = 20). We found that CT in the right fusiform gyrus was similar between CUD and EC, thinner than the expected values of YC.

Follow-up of pre-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease in adult patients with Gaucher disease type 1 and analysis of their lysosomal enzyme profiles in the CSF.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Its classic motor symptoms may be preceded by non-motor symptoms (NMS). Population studies have identified GBA variants as risk factors for idiopathic PD.

Neuroinflammation Biomarkers in the AT(N) Framework Across the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum.

In the past years, neuroinflammation has been widely investigated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence from animal, in vivo and post-mortem studies has shown that inflammatory changes are a common feature of the disease, apparently happening in response to amyloid-beta and tau accumulation. Progress in imaging and fluid biomarkers now allows for identifying surrogate markers of neuroinflammation in living individuals, which may offer unprecedented opportunities to better understand AD pathogenesis and progression.

Promoting diversity and overcoming publication barriers in Latin American neuroscience and Alzheimer's disease research: A call to action.

Unlabelled: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global health issue. Because AD is a condition demanding effective management, its socioeconomic burden is immense and threatens the health systems of both low- and middle-income (LMIC) and high-income (HIC) countries. However, while most of the HICs are increasing their budget for AD research, the situation is different in LMICs, and resources are scarce.

Race-related population attributable fraction of preventable risk factors of dementia: A Latino population-based study.

Background: Risk factors for dementia have distinct frequency and impact in relation to race. Our aim was to identify differences in modifiable risk factors of dementia related to races and estimate their population attributable fraction (PAF).

Methods: An epidemiological cohort was used to estimate the prevalence of 10 modifiable risk factors for dementia among five races-White, Black, Brown, Asian, and Indigenous.

Preventable risk factors of dementia: Population attributable fractions in a Brazilian population-based study.

Background: Knowledge regarding the modifiable risk factors of dementia is fundamental to guide public health policy. We aimed to estimate the population attributable fraction of modifiable risk factors of dementia among adults from a nationwide epidemiological study.

Methods: We used the public database of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) to calculate the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) for ten risk factors, including education level, hearing loss, hypertension, alcohol consumption, obesity, active smoking, depression, social isolation, physical inactivity, and diabetes.

Management in severe dementia: recommendations of the Scientific Department of Cognitive Neurology and Aging of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative dementias have a progressive course, impairing cognition, functional capacity, and behavior. Most studies have focused on AD. Severe dementia is associated with increased age, higher morbidity-mortality, and rising costs of care.

Subjective cognitive decline in Brazil: Prevalence and association with dementia modifiable risk factors in a population-based study.

Introduction: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of SCD in Brazil and its association with dementia modifiable risk factors.

Methods: We used data of 8138 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), a population-based study that included clinical and demographic variables of individuals across the country.

Association of Being Accompanied at Medical Consultation and Having Memory Complaints With Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Brazilian Outpatients.

Background: The usefulness of both the presence of a companion at the medical consultation and patient's cognitive complaints as selection strategies for performing a dementia evaluation is still unclear.

Objectives: To estimate the association of elderly patients being accompanied during medical visits and patient's memory complaint with objective cognitive impairment.

Methods: We included elderly outpatients awaiting medical consultations in 3 non-neurological medical specialties.

Disparities in Stroke Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Between Healthcare Systems in Brazil.

Introduction: Acute stroke interventions, such as stroke units and reperfusion therapy, have the potential to improve outcomes. However, there are many disparities in patient characteristics and access to the best stroke care. Thus, we aim to compare patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after stroke in two stroke centers representing the public and private healthcare systems in Brazil.