Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring in children undergoing rigid bronchoscopy: a prospective blinded observational study.

Purpose: Anesthetic management during rigid bronchoscopy in children can be challenging, and continuous end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO) monitoring is often unachievable. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TcCO) monitoring is strongly correlated with the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO) and EtCO. We aimed to investigate the incidence of hypercapnia in children undergoing rigid bronchoscopy.

Virtual parental presence with coaching for reducing preoperative anxiety in children: a feasibility and pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Preoperative anxiety in children causes negative postoperative outcomes. Parental presence at induction is a non-pharmacological strategy for relieving anxiety; nevertheless, it is not always possible or effective, namely when parents are overly anxious. Parental presence via video has been demonstrated to be useful in other contexts (divorce, criminal court).

RNA-sequencing revisited data shed new light on wooden breast myopathy.

Wooden Breast (WB) abnormality represents one of the major challenges that the poultry industry has faced in the last 10 years. Despite the enormous progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying WB, the precise initial causes remain to be clarified. In this scenario, the present research is intended to characterize the gene expression profiles of broiler Pectoralis major muscles affected by WB, comparing them to the unaffected counterpart, to provide new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying this defect and potentially identifying novel genes likely involved in its occurrence.

Dietary guanidinoacetate reduces spaghetti meat myopathy risk in the breast muscle of broiler chickens.

The global demand for white chicken meat along with the increase in the occurrence of growth-related breast muscle myopathies (BMMs) [namely white striping (WS), wooden breast (WB), and spaghetti meat (SM)] highlights the need for solutions that will improve meat quality while maintaining the high productivity of modern broilers. Guanidinoacetate (GAA), a precursor of creatine, is used as a feed additive and has previously shown the potential to affect the quality of breast meat. This study investigated growth performance, meat quality and the risk ratio for the development of BMMs in broilers assigned to two dietary treatments: control (CON) group, fed a commercial basal diet, and supplemented GAA (sGAA) group, receiving the control diet supplemented on top with 0.

Comparing the Effectiveness of a Clinical Decision Support Tool in Reducing Pediatric Opioid Dose Calculation Errors: PediPain App vs. Traditional Calculators - A Simulation-Based Randomised Controlled Study.

Wrong dose calculation medication errors are widespread in pediatric patients mainly due to weight-based dosing. PediPain app is a clinical decision support tool that provides weight- and age- based dosages for various analgesics. We hypothesized that the use of a clinical decision support tool, the PediPain app versus pocket calculators for calculating pain medication dosages in children reduces the incidence of wrong dosage calculations and shortens the time taken for calculations.

Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Concurrent Cancer: A Comprehensive Overview on a Challenging Clinical Condition.

The present review regarding atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) focused on the main debated factors regarding this challenging clinical condition: (i) predictive variables of occult endometrial cancer (EC); (ii) the rate of EC underestimation according to different endometrial sampling methods; and (iii) the appropriateness of lymph node status assessment. When cancer is detected, approximately 90% of cases include low-risk EC, although intermediate/high-risk cases have been found in 10-13% of women with cancer. Older age, diabetes, high BMI, and increased endometrial thickness are the most recurrent factors in women with EC.

Using Virtual Reality for Perioperative Nursing Education in Complex Neurosurgical Surgeries: A Feasibility and Acceptance Study.

Background Operating room (OR) nurses' training for surgical fields such as neurosurgery is often inconsistent and overly lengthy due to the lack of consistently scheduled procedures and the nature of procedures being for the most part emergencies. Virtual reality (VR) simulation has been explored for nurses training in various contexts with positive results. Objectives To develop a VR simulation that could replicate a pediatric neurosurgery craniotomy procedure reflecting a real OR scenario and the surgical procedural sequence of a craniotomy; and to assess OR nurses' confidence in assisting craniotomy procedures as scrub nurses before and after the VR simulation.

Emergency front-of-neck access in pediatric anesthesia: A narrative review.

Background And Objectives: Children undergoing airway management during general anesthesia may experience airway complications resulting in a rare but life-threatening situation known as "Can't Intubate, Can't Oxygenate". This situation requires immediate recognition, advanced airway management, and ultimately emergency front-of-neck access. The absence of standardized procedures, lack of readily available equipment, inadequate knowledge, and training often lead to failed emergency front-of-neck access, resulting in catastrophic outcomes.

Time course evaluation of collagen type IV in Pectoralis major muscles of broiler chickens selected for different growth-rates.

Collagen type IV (COL4) is one of the major components of animals' and humans' basement membranes of several tissues, such as skeletal muscles and vascular endothelia. Alterations in COL4 assembly and secretion are associated to muscular disorders in humans and animals among which growth-related abnormalities such as white striping and wooden breast affecting Pectoralis major muscles (PMs) in modern fast-growing (FG) chickens. Considering the high prevalence of these myopathies in FG broilers and that a worsening is observed as the bird slaughter age is increased, the present study was intended to evaluate the distribution and the expression level of COL4 protein and its coding genes in PMs of FG broilers at different stages of muscle development (i.

Using Transesophageal Echocardiography in Liver Transplantation with Veno-Venous Bypass Is a Tool with Many Applications: A Case Series from an Italian Transplant Center.

Background: Hemodynamic instability (HDI) is common during liver transplantation (LT); veno-venous bypass (VVB) is a tool used in selected cases to ensure hemodynamic stability and for surgical needs. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) allows the transplant team to identify the causes of HDI and to guide therapies. We present a case series of four patients showing the valuable role of TEE during LT in VVB.

Differential expression patterns of genes associated with metabolisms, muscle growth and repair in Pectoralis major muscles of fast- and medium-growing chickens.

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of genes related to muscle growth, hypoxia and oxidative stress responses, a multi-substrate serine/threonine-protein kinase (AMPK) and AMPK-related kinases, carbohydrate metabolism, satellite cells activities and fibro- adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in fast-growing (FG) (n = 30) and medium-growing (MG) chickens (n = 30). Pectoralis major muscles were collected at 7d, 14d, 21d, 28d, 35d and 42d of age. According to their macroscopic features, the samples from FG up to 21d of age were classified as unaffected, while all samples collected at an older age exhibited macroscopic features ascribable to white striping and/or wooden breast abnormalities.

The evolution of vimentin and desmin in muscles of broiler chickens supports their essential role in muscle regeneration.

Vimentin (VIM) and desmin (DES) are muscle-specific proteins having crucial roles in maintaining the lateral organization and alignment of the sarcomeric structure during myofibrils' regeneration. The present experiment was designed to ascertain the evolution of VIM and DES in muscles (PM) of fast-growing (FG) and medium-growing (MG) meat-type chickens both at the protein and gene levels. MG broilers were considered as a control group whereas the evolution of VIM and DES over the growth period was evaluated in FG by collecting samples at different developmental stages (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days).

Molecular Pathways and Key Genes Associated With Breast Width and Protein Content in White Striping and Wooden Breast Chicken Pectoral Muscle.

Growth-related abnormalities affecting modern chickens, known as White Striping (WS) and Wooden Breast (WB), have been deeply investigated in the last decade. Nevertheless, their precise etiology remains unclear. The present study aimed at providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in their onset by identifying clusters of co-expressed genes (i.

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies molecular pathways and hub genes involved in broiler White Striping and Wooden Breast myopathies.

In recent years, the poultry industry has experienced an increased incidence of myopathies affecting breasts of fast-growing broilers, such as White Striping (WS) and Wooden Breast (WB) defects. To explore the molecular mechanisms and genes involved in WS and WB onset, we decided to perform a Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) using the gene expression profile and meat quality parameters of Pectoralis major muscles analysed in our previous study. Among the 212 modules identified by WGCNA, the red, darkred, midnightblue and paleturquoise4 modules were chosen for subsequent analysis.

Distribution and Expression of Vimentin and Desmin in Broiler Affected by the Growth-Related Muscular Abnormalities.

Desmin (DES) and Vimentin (VIM) exert an essential role in maintaining muscle cytoarchitecture and since are considered reliable markers for muscle regeneration, their expression has been extensively investigated in dystrophic muscles. Thus, exhibiting features similar to those of human dystrophic muscles, the present study aimed at assessing the distribution of VIM and DES proteins and the expression of the corresponding genes in muscles affected by white striping (WS), wooden breast (WB), and spaghetti meat (SM) abnormalities as well as in those having macroscopically normal appearance (NORM). For this purpose, 20 muscles (5/group) were collected from the same flock of fast-growing broilers to perform immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and gene expression.

Peak blood lactate and blood lactate vs. workload during acclimatization to 5,050 m and in deacclimatization.

Peak blood lactate ([Labl]peak) and blood lactate concentration ([Labl]) vs. workload (W) relationships during acclimatization to altitude and in the deacclimatization were evaluated in 10 Caucasian lowlanders at sea level (SL0); after approximately 1 wk (Alt1wk), 3 wk (Alt3wk), and 5 wk (Alt5wk) at 5,050 m; and weekly during the first 5 wk after return to sea level (SL1wk-SL5wk). Incremental bicycle ergometer exercises (30 W added every 4 min up to exhaustion) were performed.

Effect of aging on human adductor pollicis muscle function.

The effect of aging on the voluntary and electrically evoked contractile properties of the human adductor pollicis muscle was investigated in 70 healthy male subjects aged 20-91 yr, 10 subjects for each decade. Maximum isometric voluntary force declined significantly (range of P values less than 0.001-0.