Inflammasome-targeted therapy might prevent adverse perinatal outcomes of recurrent chronic intervillositis of unknown etiology.

Chronic histiocytic intervillositis of unknown origin (CHI) is a rare placental disorder associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, frequent recurrence, and a lack of effective preventive strategies. Recent insights indicate a potential link between CHI-associated inflammatory lesions and the inflammasome pathway, suggesting innovative therapeutic avenues. Here we show a potential role of the inflammasome pathway in CHI through comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of grade 2 or 3 histopathologic CHI samples, paired with placental controls.

The interaction between cortisol and testosterone predicts leadership within rock hyrax social groups.

Group movement leadership is associated with higher risks for those in the front. Leaders are the first to explore new areas and may be exposed to predation. Individual differences in risk-taking behavior may be related to hormonal differences.

Pickering emulsions stabilized with differently charged particles.

For addressing health issues and ecological concerns, the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries are facing the challenge of designing emulsions without the use of surfactants. Emulsions stabilized by colloidal particles, known as Pickering emulsions, are promising in this matter. In this article, three different types of particles (neutral, anionic and cationic) are used alone or in binary mixtures as stabilizers of Pickering emulsions.

Effect of massage on retinol skin penetration.

Topical administration of active substances may be promoted by optimizing not only the vehicle formulation but also the application protocol. The formulation aspects are widely studied in the literature while a few works are dedicated to the development of application methods. In this context, we studied an application protocol usable as a part of skincare routine by investigating the effect of massage on the skin penetration of retinol.

Experimental studies from shake flasks to 3 L stirred tank bioreactor of nutrients and oxygen supply conditions to improve the growth of the avian cell line DuckCelt®-T17.

Background: To produce viral vaccines, avian cell lines are interesting alternatives to replace the egg-derived processes for viruses that do not grow well on mammalian cells. The avian suspension cell line DuckCelt-T17 was previously studied and investigated to produce a live attenuated metapneumovirus (hMPV)/respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus vaccines. However, a better understanding of its culture process is necessary for an efficient production of viral particles in bioreactors.

Genomics of perivascular space burden unravels early mechanisms of cerebral small vessel disease.

Perivascular space (PVS) burden is an emerging, poorly understood, magnetic resonance imaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease, a leading cause of stroke and dementia. Genome-wide association studies in up to 40,095 participants (18 population-based cohorts, 66.3 ± 8.

High-resolution tracking of hyrax social interactions highlights nighttime drivers of animal sociality.

Network structure is a key driver of animal fitness, pathogen transmission, information spread, and population demographics in the wild. Although a considerable body of research applied network analysis to animal societies, only little effort has been devoted to separate daytime and nighttime sociality and explicitly test working hypotheses on social structures emerging at night. Here, we investigated the nighttime sociality of a wild population of rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) and its relation to daytime social structure.

Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries.

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry. Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.

Sex-associated and context-dependent leadership in the rock hyrax.

In many mammalian species, both sexes may take leadership role, but different traits may play a role in determining variation within species. Here we examine the effect of sex on leadership. We present three complementary datasets derived from a well-studied population of wild rock hyrax ().

Genetics of common cerebral small vessel disease.

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a leading cause of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke and a major contributor to dementia. Covert cSVD, which is detectable with brain MRI but does not manifest as clinical stroke, is highly prevalent in the general population, particularly with increasing age. Advances in technologies and collaborative work have led to substantial progress in the identification of common genetic variants that are associated with cSVD-related stroke (ischaemic and haemorrhagic) and MRI-defined covert cSVD.

Skin absorption of mixed halide anions from concentrated aqueous solutions.

Non-ideal behaviour of mixed ions is disclosed in skin absorption experiments of mixed halide anions in excised pig skin. Comparison of skin absorption of pure and mixed ions shows enhanced penetration of chaotropic ions from mixed solutions. An experimental design and statistical analysis using a Scheffé {3,2} simplex-lattice allows investigating the full ternary diagram of anion mixtures of fluoride, bromide and iodide.

Prevalence, Severity, and Clinical Management of Brain Incidental Findings in Healthy Young Adults: MRi-Share Cross-Sectional Study.

Young adults represent an increasingly large proportion of healthy volunteers in brain imaging research, but descriptions of incidental findings (IFs) in this age group are scarce. We aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of IFs on brain MRIs of healthy young research participants aged 18-35 years, and to describe the protocol implemented to handle them. The study population comprised 1,867 participants aged 22.

Formulation of Pickering emulsions for the development of surfactant-free sunscreen creams.

Objective: Pickering emulsions are increasingly used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields, especially for topical applications, since these systems require solid particles as emulsifiers instead of surfactants which are known to cause skin irritation. The solid inorganic nanoparticles (TiO and ZnO) used as UV filters in sunscreen formulations may also stabilize emulsion droplets, so that the utility of surfactants may be questioned. Surfactant-free sunscreen emulsions solely stabilized by such nanoparticles (NPs) have been studied.

Supersaturable self-microemulsifying delivery systems: an approach to enhance oral bioavailability of benzimidazole anticancer drugs.

This study explored the design of supersaturable self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SMEDDS) to address poor solubility and oral bioavailability of a novel benzimidazole derivative anticancer drug (BI). Firstly, self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems SMEDDS made of Miglyol® 812, Kolliphor® RH40, Transcutol® HP, and ethanol were prepared and loaded with the BI drug. Upon dispersion, the systems formed neutrally charged droplets of around 20 nm.

Cerebral small vessel disease genomics and its implications across the lifespan.

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are the most common brain-imaging feature of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), hypertension being the main known risk factor. Here, we identify 27 genome-wide loci for WMH-volume in a cohort of 50,970 older individuals, accounting for modification/confounding by hypertension. Aggregated WMH risk variants were associated with altered white matter integrity (p = 2.

Dynamical modeling of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the early stage of septic shock.

A dynamical model of the pathophysiological behaviors of IL18 and IL10 cytokines with their receptors is tested against data for the case of early sepsis. The proposed approach considers the surroundings (organs and bone marrow) and the different subsystems (cells and cyctokines). The interactions between blood cells, cytokines and the surroundings are described via mass balances.

Development of enteric polymer-based microspheres by spray-drying for colonic delivery of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG.

Antibiotics are well-known disruptive elements of the intestinal microbiota and antibiotic-associated diarrhea appeared as the most common complication related with post-antibiotic dysbiosis. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) strain is very effective in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children and adults. However, as any probiotics, it is concerned by the loss of viability during storage and gastrointestinal transit.

Interactions between antiretroviral therapy and complementary and alternative medicine: a narrative review.

Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicine including herbal medicine (phytotherapy), vitamins, minerals and food supplements is frequent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) who take antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, but is often not known by their prescribing physicians. Some drug-supplement combinations may result in clinically meaningful interactions.

Aims: In this literature review, we aimed to investigate the evidence for complementary and alternative medicine interactions with ARVs.

Hamsters in the city: A study on the behaviour of a population of common hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) in urban environment.

Animals in urban environments face challenging situations and have to cope with human activities. This study investigated the ecology and behaviour of a population of European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) living in the city centre of Vienna (Austria). We recorded the surface activities of 35 hamsters in May 2015.

Development of uncoated near-spherical gold nanoparticles for the label-free quantification of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

The Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method based on gold nanoparticles as SERS substrate was investigated for the label-free detection and quantification of probiotic bacteria that are widely used in various pharmaceutical formulations. Indeed, the development of a simple and fast SERS method dedicated to the quantification of bacteria should be very useful for the characterization of such formulations in a more convenient way than the usually performed tedious and time-consuming conventional counting method. For this purpose, uncoated near-spherical gold nanoparticles were developed at room temperature by acidic treatment of star-like gold nanoparticle precursors.

Untargeted analysis of nanoLC-HRMS data by ANOVA-PCA to highlight metabolites in Gammarus fossarum after in vivo exposure to pharmaceuticals.

In Western Europe, river water quality can be assessed using sentinel species such as the amphipod Gammarus fossarum. In this work of environmental metabolomics, the objective was to develop suitable chemometrics methods, using a limited number of individuals, to assess the modification of the metabolism of G. fossarum exposed to two human pharmaceuticals.

Synthesis, molecular properties, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of novel 3-hydroxyflavone derivatives.

A new series of 3-hydroxyflavones (1-46) were synthesized according to the Claisen-Schmidt followed by Algar-Flynn-Oyamada reactions (AFO) in one step. The synthesized flavonoids were characterized by H NMR, C NMR and DCI-HRMS. All the synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory and cytotoxic activity against the human cell lines HCT-116 (Human colon carcinoma), IGROV-1 and OVCAR-3 (human ovarian carcinoma).

Antibacterial Properties of Polyphenols: Characterization and QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) Models.

Besides their established antioxidant activity, many phenolic compounds may exhibit significant antibacterial activity. Here, the effect of a large dataset of 35 polyphenols on the growth of 6 foodborne pathogenic or food-spoiling bacterial strains, three Gram-positive ones (s, , and ) and three Gram-negative ones (, and Enteritidis), have been characterized. As expected, the effects of phenolic compounds were highly heterogeneous ranging from bacterial growth stimulation to antibacterial activity and depended on bacterial strains.