Relative phase of distributed oscillatory dynamics implements a working memory in a simple brain.

We report the existence of a working memory system in the nematode that is employed for deferred action in a sensory-guided decision-making process. We find that the turn direction of discrete reorientations during navigation is under sensory-guided control and relies on a working memory that can persist over an intervening behavioral sequence. This memory system is implemented by the phasic interaction of two distributed oscillatory dynamical components.

Unifying community-wide whole-brain imaging datasets enables robust automated neuron identification and reveals determinants of neuron positioning in .

We develop a data harmonization approach for volumetric microscopy data, still or video, consisting of a standardized format, data pre-processing techniques, and a set of human-in-the-loop machine learning based analysis software tools. We unify a diverse collection of 118 whole-brain neural activity imaging datasets from 5 labs, storing these and accompanying tools in an online repository called WormID (wormid.org).

Postsynaptic receptors regulate presynaptic transmitter stability through transsynaptic bridges.

Stable matching of neurotransmitters with their receptors is fundamental to synapse function and reliable communication in neural circuits. Presynaptic neurotransmitters regulate the stabilization of postsynaptic transmitter receptors. Whether postsynaptic receptors regulate stabilization of presynaptic transmitters has received less attention.

Extending the boundaries of cancer therapeutic complexity with literature text mining.

Drug combination therapy is a main pillar of cancer therapy. As the number of possible drug candidates for combinations grows, the development of optimal high complexity combination therapies (involving 4 or more drugs per treatment) such as RCHOP-I and FOLFIRINOX becomes increasingly challenging due to combinatorial explosion. In this paper, we propose a text mining (TM) based tool and workflow for rapid generation of high complexity combination treatments (HCCT) in order to extend the boundaries of complexity in cancer treatments.

Current treatment landscape of pancreatic cancer patients in a network of office-based oncologists in Germany.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers, with comparatively poor outcomes despite the use of multiagent conventional chemotherapy regimens. Real-world data from clinical practice are still rare but are the basis for understanding and improving the current standard of care.  In this multi-institutional retrospective analysis of 24 office-based oncology practices in Germany, the authors documented 1786 pancreatic cancer patients who received systemic treatment between April 2017 and June 2021.

Cyclosporine A increases the intensity of Toxocara canis infection in swiss mice.

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution. The connection between parasitic diseases and conditions that depress the immune system, such as the use of immunosuppressive drugs, has been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cyclosporine A (CsA) on the intensity of infection, humoral response and gene transcription of interleukins IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 in mice experimentally infected with Toxocara canis.

National perspective on hospital readmissions following adrenalectomy.

Background: Examining risk factors of readmission in adrenalectomy patients and estimated the cost burden of unplanned readmission on the United States' healthcare system.

Methods: According to the Nationwide Readmission Database, 20,494 patients underwent adrenalectomy between 2010-2014. Demographics, comorbidities, clinical data, length of stay (LOS), annual case volume, and discharge disposition of 30- and 90-day readmission cohorts were compared to the non-readmitted cohort.

[Interventions with physical activity counseling for adults without diagnosed diseases - a systematic review].

Counseling interventions have been broadly used to modify the level of physical activity in the population. The scope of this study was to conduct a systematic review on physical activity counseling interventions. Original intervention studies with physical activity counseling as an outcome were included and published between January 2010 and April 2020 in the Medline/PubMed, BVS, and Scielo databases, in English and Portuguese, with an adult population without diagnosed diseases.

Preoperative diabetes complicates postsurgical recovery but does not amplify readmission risk following pancreatic surgery.

Background: Diabetes is a significant and prevalent medical condition associated with increased comorbidities, longer hospital length of stay, and higher healthcare costs. We aimed to assess the association between diabetes mellitus and postoperative outcomes following pancreatic surgeries.

Methods: Records for patients with major elective pancreatic surgeries were retrieved retrospectively from the Nationwide Readmission Database (2010-2014).

Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring prevented iatrogenic spinal cord injury during robotic-assisted transabdominal adrenalectomy: a case report.

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common disease of the cervical spinal cord in patients older than 55 and is characterized by an initial asymptomatic period followed by progressive neurological deficit from degenerative changes of the cervical vertebrae. These changes cause compression and vascular compromise to the cervical spinal cord. Because there are no pathognomonic symptoms, its diagnosis is commonly delayed.

The Effect of Patient Positioning on Intraoperative Neuromonitoring During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery.

Background: Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has been accepted as a routine adjunct among surgeons who perform thyroid and parathyroid surgeries. Thyroid and parathyroid surgeries use various patient positioning strategies that have poorly understood effects on IONM. The aim of this study was to compare IONM signals between the transaxillary and transcervical approaches.

NMR spectroscopy of coin cell batteries with metal casings.

Battery cells with metal casings are commonly considered incompatible with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy because the oscillating radio-frequency magnetic fields (“rf fields”) responsible for excitation and detection of NMR active nuclei do not penetrate metals. Here, we show that rf fields can still efficiently penetrate nonmetallic layers of coin cells with metal casings provided “ damming” configurations are avoided. With this understanding, we demonstrate noninvasive high-field in situ Li and F NMR of coin cells with metal casings using a traditional external NMR coil.

Synergistic antimicrobial activities of epigallocatechin gallate, myricetin, daidzein, gallic acid, epicatechin, 3-hydroxy-6-methoxyflavone and genistein combined with antibiotics against ESKAPE pathogens.

Aim: To verify synergistic effects, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of seven phenolic phytochemicals (gallic acid; epicatechin; epigallocatechin gallate; daidzein; genistein; myricetin; 3-hydroxy-6-methoxyflavone) in combination with six antibiotics against multidrug-resistant isolates from the ESKAPE group.

Methods And Results: To investigate single phytochemicals and combinations, initial microdilution and checkerboard assays were used, followed by time-kill assays to evaluate the obtained results. The research revealed that phenolic compounds on their own resulted in little or no inhibitory effects.

Factors Contributing to Violence Against Children: Insights From a Multi-informant Study Among Family-Triads From Three East-African Refugee Camps.

Parental violence poses a considerable, yet mitigable risk for the mental health and well-being of refugee children living in resource-poor refugee camps. However, little is known about potential risk factors for parental violence in these settings. Using an ecological systems perspective and a multi-informant approach, we investigated ontogenic (parental childhood experiences of violence), microsystem (parents' and children's psychopathology) and exosystem (families' monthly household income) risk factors for child-directed parental violence in a sample of 226 Burundian families living in refugee camps in Tanzania.

Endoscopic lung volume reduction with endobronchial valves in very low patients: results from the German Registry - Lungenemphysemregister e.V.

Background: Endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) with valves has been suggested to be the key strategy for patients with severe emphysema and concomitant low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide ( ). However, robust evidence is still missing. We therefore aim to compare clinical outcomes in relation to for patients treated with ELVR.

Real-world use and acceptance of rituximab biosimilars in non-Hodgkin lymphoma in an oncologist network in Germany.

Present real-world data for rituximab (biosimilar and reference)-containing regimens in extrapolated indications in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Data collected from office-based oncologic practices in Germany (July 2017-June 2019). Of 1741 patients, 1241 had NHL; 500 had CLL.

Iatrogenic spinal cord injury with tetraplegia after an elective non-spine surgery with underlying undiagnosed cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Literature review and case report.

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) can predispose to acute spinal cord injury and post-operative quadriparesis during non-spine procedures, although few accounts of this phenomenon exist within the literature. To the best of our knowledge, there are only 18 cases reported in the literature including ours with spinal cord injury following elective non-spine surgery with undiagnosed CSM. Due to multifactorial pathophysiology, the maintenance of cervical cord neutrality is not sufficient to ensure that these patients will not sustain cord injury intraoperatively as this solely addresses the role of static factors.

Health predictors and conditions associated to moderate and vigorous physical activity among adults and elderly from Southern Brazil.

Introduction: Regular physical activity (PA) generates several health benefits. This study aimed to analyze the predictors of moderate PA (MPA) and vigorous PA (VPA) separately, as well as some health outcomes related to each intensity.

Method: A population-based, cross-sectional study, with adults and the elderly in the urban area of the city of Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.

The influence of built, natural and social environment on physical activity among adults and elderly in southern Brazil: a population-based study.

Objectives: This study investigated the association of built, natural and social environment variables with the practice of physical activity (PA) during leisure time and commuting.

Methods: Household interviews were carried out with a representative sample of individuals aged 18 years or older from a municipality in southern Brazil. PA was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and households were georeferenced with a 500-m buffer.

Protein profile of Brazilian Pythium insidiosum isolates.

Pythium insidiosum is an important aquatic Oomycota that causes pythiosis in mammals, especially horses, dogs, and humans; these inhabit marshy environments in tropical and subtropical areas. The aim of this study was to determine the protein profile, as well as identify likely immunodominant proteins, of Brazilian P. insidiosum isolates from southern Brazil, an important equine pythiosis endemic area.

Making Primary Literature Come Alive in the Classroom.

By the time young scholars graduate college, they are expected to be prepared for their career. The knowledge that they have gained during their undergraduate education is assumed to prepare them for their future occupation. Understanding primary academic literature is absolutely imperative for scientists who are expected to be able to read, understand, explain, and incorporate literature into their work.

Universal behavior of coupled order parameters below three dimensions.

We explore universal critical behavior in models with two competing order parameters, and an O(N) ⊕O(M) symmetry for dimensions d≤3. In d=3, there is always exactly one stable renormalization group fixed point, corresponding to bicritical or tetracritical behavior. Employing pseudospectral techniques to solve functional renormalization group equations in a two-dimensional field space, we uncover a more intricate structure of fixed points in d<3, where two additional bicritical fixed points play a role.

Airborne methane remote measurements reveal heavy-tail flux distribution in Four Corners region.

Methane (CH4) impacts climate as the second strongest anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air quality by influencing tropospheric ozone levels. Space-based observations have identified the Four Corners region in the Southwest United States as an area of large CH4 enhancements. We conducted an airborne campaign in Four Corners during April 2015 with the next-generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (near-infrared) and Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (thermal infrared) imaging spectrometers to better understand the source of methane by measuring methane plumes at 1- to 3-m spatial resolution.

Re-evaluating the incidence of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Objective: To estimate the prospective risk of developing PML during therapy with natalizumab in JCV-seropositive patients.

Methods: We analyzed postmarketing data about the incidence of PML on natalizumab, and quantified the risk by either applying the Kaplan-Meier estimator or, where this was not possible due to the unavailability of the respective raw data, using formulae yielding very similar figures.

Results: In JCV-seropositive patients with prior immunosuppressant (IS) use, the incidence of PML during months 25-48 of natalizumab therapy is about 19.