Internal Mammary Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer - Effects on Disease Prognosis and Therapeutic Protocols - A Case Report.

Background: The main prognostic factor in early staged breast cancer is the axillary lymph node metastatic affection. Sentinel lymph node biopsy, as a staging modality, significantly decreases surgical morbidity. The status of internal mammary lymph nodes gains an increased predictive role in grading breast carcinomas and modulation of postoperative therapeutic protocols.

Indications for VATS or open decortication in the surgical treatment of fibrino-purulent stage of parapneumonic pleural empyema.

Open and Video-Assisted Thoracoscopycal pleural decortications are proved and effective surgical procedure in the surgical treatment of pleural empyema in the fibrinopurulent stage. Early referral to surgery gives a better chance of success in VATS pleural decortications than open decortications. Pleural morphology, biochemistry and biology can also affect the outcome of the surgical treatment of pleural empyema.

Extreme gigantomastia in pregnancy: case report--my experience with two cases in last 5 years.

We present an extreme case of gigantomastia in pregnancy during the second gemelar pregnancy of a 30-year-old woman. Her first pregnancy was 8 years ago, was also gemelar and she delivered with caesarean section. From the beginning of her current pregnancy, the patient noted steady growth of both of her breasts that reached enormous dimensions at the end of the pregnancy.

Extreme gigantomastia in pregnancy: case report and review of literature.

We present an extreme case of Gigantomastia in pregnancy in a 24-year old woman, gravida 2, in a 28 weeks' of gestation, with a total breast weight of 33 kg, complicated by infection, ulcerations and subsequent hemorrhage. Thorough laboratory analyses did not reveal any hint as to the cause of this enormous breast enlargement. Gynecological examinations and ultrasound revealed a viable, progressive normal fetus.