Analysis of visual and refractive results after wedge resection for high astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus.

Purpose: To analyze visual and refractive results after wedge resection to correct high astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for keratoconus.

Setting: Cornea Unit of the Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer Barcelona, Spain.

Design: A retrospective quasi-experimental, before and after study.

Brittle cornea syndrome ZNF469 mutation carrier phenotype and segregation analysis of rare ZNF469 variants in familial keratoconus.

Purpose: Brittle cornea syndrome 1 (BCS1) is a rare recessive condition characterized by extreme thinning of the cornea and sclera, caused by mutations in ZNF469. Keratoconus is a relatively common disease characterized by progressive thinning and ectasia of the cornea. The etiology of keratoconus is complex and not yet understood, but rare ZNF469 variants have recently been associated with disease.

Astigmatic equivalence of 2.2-mm and 1.8-mm superior clear corneal cataract incision.

Purpose: To evaluate the astigmatic effects of 2.2-mm and 1.8-mm cataract incisions.

Long-term stability of keratometric astigmatism after limbal relaxing incisions.

Purpose: To study the keratometric stability of limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) performed during cataract surgery.

Setting: Princess Royal University Hospital, Kent, United Kingdom.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Torque and flattening effects of clear corneal temporal and on-axis incisions for phacoemulsification.

Purpose: To compare the torque and flattening effect induced by temporal or on-axis clear corneal incisions (CCIs) for phacoemulsification.

Setting: Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial on 62 eyes with cataract and mild to moderate corneal astigmatism (<2.

Estimation of true corneal power after keratorefractive surgery in eyes requiring cataract surgery: BESSt formula.

Purpose: To describe a new formula, BESSt, to estimate true corneal power after keratorefractive surgery in eyes requiring cataract surgery.

Setting: Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Methods: The BESSt formula, based on the Gaussian optics formula, was developed using data from 143 eyes that had keratorefractive surgery.

Surgically induced astigmatism after phacoemulsification in eyes with mild to moderate corneal astigmatism: temporal versus on-axis clear corneal incisions.

Purpose: To determine whether there is a difference in surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 2 types of clear corneal incisions used in phacoemulsification: the temporal and the on-axis (ie, on the steeper corneal meridian) clear corneal incision (CCTI and CCOI, respectively).

Setting: Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Methods: In a prospective randomized controlled trial (pilot study), 61 eyes with cataract and mild to moderate corneal astigmatism (<2.

In vitro antioxidant properties of amifostine (WR-2721, Ethyol).

Purpose: Amifostine (WR-2721), a phosphorylated aminothiol pro-drug which is an analogue of cysteamine, is a selective cytoprotective agent for normal tissues from the toxicities associated with chemotherapy and irradiation. Despite a growing number of reports strongly supporting amifostine's clinical efficacy, few authors have focused on the biochemical basis of amifostine's antioxidant activity.

Methods: We report on amifostine's free-radical scavenging activity against superoxide (O(2;(-))), hydroxyl (OH(-)) and lipoperoxyl radicals in an in vitro model, using pure chemical systems.

Oxidative stress in the human brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Object: The aim of this study was to verify the patterns of antioxidant enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the human brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) to verify whether an "oxidative stress situation" characterizes the brain response to subarachnoid bleeding.

Methods: Forty samples of gyrus rectus or temporal operculum that were obtained during a surgical approach to anterior circulation aneurysms were used for this study. The activity of total SOD, GSH-Px, and the SOD/GSH/Px ratio (which expresses the balance between the production of hydrogen peroxides by dismutation of superoxide radicals and the scavenging potential) were calculated in each case.

Amifostine (WR-2721, Ethyol(TM)) can protect human endothelial but not tumor cells from cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity.

Amifostine (WR-2721, Ethyol(TM)) is a chemo-and radioprotective agent which is increasingly used in clinical practice to minimize antitumor therapy-induced toxicities. The key of this property of amifostine is certainly its selective action in terms of differential protection of normal tissue and not of tumor cells. Using HUVEC cells and three different cancer cell lines (A549 non-small cell lung cancer, DND-1A melanoma and HeLa cervical carcinoma) we provide evidence that amifostine could protect normal, and not cancer cells, from cisplatin (CDDP)-induced cytotoxicity in vitro.

Wheat deficient in gliadins: promising tool for treatment of coeliac disease.

The toxicity of two varieties of bread wheat, one poor in alpha and beta gliadins and the other poor in alpha, beta, gamma, and omega gliadins, has been tested. The peptic-tryptic digest of these wheats was assessed using coeliac mucosa in an in vitro organ culture system. A significantly lower toxicity was found in respect of bread wheat containing all gliadin fractions.