From waste corn straw to graphitic porous carbon: A trade-off between specific surface area and graphitization degree for efficient peroxydisulfate activation.

Electron transfer pathways have been verified as overriding regimes when peroxydisulfate (PDS) was activated by porous carbon. The incorporation of graphitic structure into carbon matrix was favorable to the rapid electron transfer, but excessive graphitization would deteriorate the specific surface area (SSA), weakening the catalytic performance. The reasonable trade-off between SSA and graphitization degree was necessary and challenging for the preparation of efficient carbon based PS-activators.

Efficient adsorption of chloroquine phosphate by a novel sodium alginate/tannic acid double-network hydrogel in a wide pH range.

In this work, a novel double-network composite hydrogel (SA/TA), composed of sodium alginate (SA) and tannic acid (TA), was designed and fabricated by a successive cross-linking method using Ti(IV) and Ca(II) as crosslinkers. SA/TA exhibited reinforced mechanical strength and anti-swelling properties because of the double-network structure. SA/TA was used as an adsorbent for removal of a popular antiviral drug, chloroquine phosphate (CQ), in water.

Fabrication of environmentally-friendly composited sponges for efficient removal of fluoroquinolones antibiotics from water.

In this study, two environmentally-friendly macroscopically formal (PVF) composited sponges (PL and PLS) functionalized with lignin and lignosulfonate, respectively, were fabricated by a one-step mechanical foaming method. PLS, obtained with the fed mass ratio of 0.3:1 lignosulfonate to PVF in the preparation process, possessed a large specific surface area of approximately 22.

Selective adsorption of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin from a binary system using lignin-based adsorbents: Quantitative analysis, adsorption mechanisms, and structure-activity relationship.

A series of actinia-shaped lignin-based adsorbents (LNAEs) featuring lignin (LN) as the core and grafted poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as the tentacle were designed and fabricated. Two fluoroquinolones (FQs) with similar molecular structures, ofloxacin (OFL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), were used as targets to study the selective adsorption performance of LNAEs associated with the structural effects of the LN-based adsorbents in FQs binary aqueous system. The adsorption of the two FQs by LNAEs complied with the competitive Langmuir isothermal model, and showed selective removal of CIP over OFL due to the additional negative charge-assisted hydrogen bond (CAHB) formed between the carboxyl group of LNAEs and the secondary amino group of CIP, in addition to the effects of electrostatic attraction and normal hydrogen bonds, according to quantitative studies and density functional theory analysis.

Removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics using actinia-shaped lignin-based adsorbents: Role of the length and distribution of branched-chains.

A series of actinia-shaped lignin-based adsorbents (LNAEs) featuring lignin(LN) as the core and grafted poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as the tentacle were designed and fabricated. LNAEs were applied to remove ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin from water, and their maximum adsorption capacities were 0.835 and 0.

Evaluation of the selective adsorption of silica-sand/anionized-starch composite for removal of dyes and Cupper(II) from their aqueous mixtures.

A silica-sand/anionized-starch composite (CMS-SS) was prepared simply. CMS-SS was used as an efficient adsorbent for removal of cationic dyes [methyl blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV)] and metal ions [cupper(II), Cu(II)] from water in respective single and binary systems. Compared with the anionized-starch without silica sand, CMS-SS shows evidently improved adsorption capacities, i.

Investigation of multiple adsorption mechanisms for efficient removal of ofloxacin from water using lignin-based adsorbents.

Two series of lignin (LN)-based adsorbents, namely, cross-linked lignin (LNEs) with different crosslinking densities and carboxymethyl cross-linked lignin (LNECs) with various degrees of carboxymethyl substitution, were prepared to remove ofloxacin (OFL), a popular fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotic, from water. LNEs and LNECs exhibited satisfactory performance in OFL adsorption. Both of them had high adsorption capacity (the maximum contribution of 0.

Coagulation/flocculation in dewatering of sludge: A review.

Sludge disposal is an integral part of wastewater treatment systems, and its cost usually accounts for more than half of the total operation cost. Sludge disposal technology is facing challenges and opportunities simultaneously and can still be improved. Sludge dewatering is an essential process in sludge disposal, and it is important for the effective reduction of the final processing cost.