Characterization of O uncoupling in biodegradation reactions of nitroaromatic contaminants catalyzed by rieske oxygenases.

Rieske oxygenases are known as catalysts that enable the cleavage of aromatic and aliphatic C-H bonds in structurally diverse biomolecules and recalcitrant organic environmental pollutants through substrate oxygenations and oxidative heteroatom dealkylations. Yet, the unproductive O activation, which is concomitant with the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is typically not taken into account when characterizing Rieske oxygenase function. Even if considered an undesired side reaction, this O uncoupling allows for studying active site perturbations, enzyme mechanisms, and how enzymes evolve as environmental microorganisms adapt their substrates to alternative carbon and energy sources.

Efficacy and safety of extended duration letermovir prophylaxis in recipients of haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation at risk of cytomegalovirus infection: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: In a pivotal phase 3 trial of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis with letermovir for up to 100 days after allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT), 12% of participants developed clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection after letermovir was discontinued. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of extending the duration of letermovir prophylaxis for clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection from 100 days to 200 days following HSCT.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial at 32 sites in six countries (France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and the USA).

Pictorial adaptation of the quality of recovery 15 scale and psychometric validation into a pediatric surgical population.

Patient reported outcomes measures (PROMS) are important endpoints to measure patient health status in the perioperative setting. However, there are no good tools to measure PROMS in the pediatric surgical population. Patients 7 to 17 years old undergoing surgery were included and followed up for 1 day after surgery (POD1).

Elucidating the Role of O Uncoupling in the Oxidative Biodegradation of Organic Contaminants by Rieske Non-heme Iron Dioxygenases.

Oxygenations of aromatic soil and water contaminants with molecular O catalyzed by Rieske dioxygenases are frequent initial steps of biodegradation in natural and engineered environments. Many of these non-heme ferrous iron enzymes are known to be involved in contaminant metabolism, but the understanding of enzyme-substrate interactions that lead to successful biodegradation is still elusive. Here, we studied the mechanisms of O activation and substrate hydroxylation of two nitroarene dioxygenases to evaluate enzyme- and substrate-specific factors that determine the efficiency of oxygenated product formation.

Managing argon interference during measurements of O/O ratios in O by continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry.

Monitoring changes in stable oxygen isotope ratios in molecular oxygen allows for studying many fundamental processes in bio(geo)chemistry and environmental sciences. While the measurement of [Formula: see text]O/[Formula: see text]O ratios of [Formula: see text] in gaseous samples can be carried out conveniently and from extracting moderately small aqueous samples for analyses by continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS), oxygen isotope signatures, [Formula: see text]O, could be overestimated by more than 6[Formula: see text] because of interferences from argon in air. Here, we systematically evaluated the extent of such Ar interferences on [Formula: see text]O/[Formula: see text]O ratios of [Formula: see text] for measurements by gas chromatography/IRMS and GasBench/IRMS and propose simple instrumental modifications for improved Ar and [Formula: see text] separation as well as post-measurement correction procedures for obtaining accurate [Formula: see text]O.

Is Prehospital Assessment of qSOFA Parameters Associated with Earlier Targeted Sepsis Therapy? A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: This study aimed to determine whether prehospital qSOFA (quick sequential organ failure assessment) assessment was associated with a shortened 'time to antibiotics' and 'time to intravenous fluid resuscitation' compared with standard assessment.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who were referred to our Emergency Department between 2014 and 2018 by emergency medical services, in whom sepsis was diagnosed during hospitalization. Two multivariable regression models were fitted, with and without qSOFA parameters, for 'time to antibiotics' (primary endpoint) and 'time to intravenous fluid resuscitation'.

Substrate-Specific Coupling of O Activation to Hydroxylations of Aromatic Compounds by Rieske Non-heme Iron Dioxygenases.

Rieske dioxygenases catalyze the initial steps in the hydroxylation of aromatic compounds and are critical for the metabolism of xenobiotic substances. Because substrates do not bind to the mononuclear non-heme Fe center, elementary steps leading to O activation and substrate hydroxylation are difficult to delineate, thus making it challenging to rationalize divergent observations on enzyme mechanisms, reactivity, and substrate specificity. Here, we show for nitrobenzene dioxygenase, a Rieske dioxygenase capable of transforming nitroarenes to nitrite and substituted catechols, that unproductive O activation with the release of the unreacted substrate and reactive oxygen species represents an important path in the catalytic cycle.

Non-Invasive Ventilation as a Therapy Option for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Acute Cardiopulmonary Oedema in Emergency Medical Services.

In this observational prospective multicenter study conducted between October 2016 and October 2018, we tested the hypothesis that the use of prehospital non-invasive ventilation (phNIV) to treat patients with acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI) caused by severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and acute cardiopulmonary oedema (ACPE) is effective, time-efficient and safe. The data were collected at four different physician response units and three admitting hospitals in a German EMS system. Patients with respiratory failure due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute cardiopulmonary oedema were enrolled.

Reliability and Differences Between Sexes in Landing Mechanics when Performing the Lateral Bound Test.

Background And Purpose: Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are prevalent among the athletic population, imposing a heavy economic burden, and the risk of re-injury. Most current biomechanical screening tasks are performed in the sagittal plane, and there is a need for more screening tools that assess sports specific movements in the frontal plane. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of and examine differences between sexes in the performance of the Lateral Bound Test (LBT).

The independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome in United States college students.

To examine the association of CRF and adiposity with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome among emerging adults. 5681 (60.1% Men; 21 ± 1years) college students from a large university located in the northeast of the United States.

Can a Family Medicine Curriculum Increase the Attraction of Family Medicine as a Career Choice?

Hintergrund: An der Universität des Saarlandes wurde ein neu strukturierter, kompetenzbasierter Blended-learning-Pflichtkurs Allgemeinmedizin im 5. Studienjahr implementiert. In Anbetracht des drohenden Hausarztmangels untersucht diese Studie, ob ein universitärer Kurs die Studierenden in dem Wunsch, eine Weiterbildung im Fach Allgemeinmedizin zu wählen, beeinflussen kann.

The apparent need for better communication between clinicians and patients regarding elevated blood pressure among United States emerging adults.

To examine the discrepancy between 'told' and screened blood pressure (BP) category, and the association between body composition and told BP category. Between 08/2019-03/2020 college students ( = 1057) were asked what category they had previously been told their BP falls into prior to having their BP and body composition (waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage) objectively assessed. A disproportionate number (>80%) who were told that they had normal BP were categorized as having elevated BP.

Assessing the stress-buffering effects of social support for exercise on physical activity, sitting time, and blood lipid profiles.

Objective: This study tested the hypothesized stress-buffering effects of social support on physical activity, sitting time, and blood lipid profiles.

Participants: 537 college students.

Methods: College students volunteered to self-report stress, social support for exercise, physical activity and sitting time, and provided blood samples to assess lipid profiles in this cross-sectional study.

Iron Ladies - How Desiccated Asexual Rotifer Deal With X-Rays and Heavy Ions?

Space exposure experiments from the last 15 years have unexpectedly shown that several terrestrial organisms, including some multi-cellular species, are able to survive in open space without protection. The robustness of bdelloid rotifers suggests that these tiny creatures can possibly be added to the still restricted list of animals that can deal with the exposure to harsh condition of space. Bdelloids are one of the smallest animals on Earth.

Freshman physical activity constraints are related to the current health behaviors and outcomes of college upperclassmen.

Examine differences in physical activity (PA) constraints experienced as freshmen among college upperclassmen based on sex, race/ethnicity, adiposity, and fitness. Upperclassmen ( = 524) from self-reported demographics, PA, subjective changes in PA, and freshman PA constraints via an online survey, and had adiposity and predicted aerobic fitness objectively assessed. Self-reported reductions in PA since high school and freshmen year were associated with a lack of motivation as a freshman, lower current PA levels, and poorer aerobic fitness compared to those who maintained or increased PA.

Incorporating the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension diagnostic criteria into metabolic syndrome criteria will significantly increase the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among college students.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact that the revised American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) hypertension diagnostic criteria would have on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MBS) among college students. Students completed an objective health assessment between September 2015 and April 2018 that involved the assessment of abdominal girth, blood glucose, lipids, and blood pressure (BP). Data of 5681 students (60.

Sedation-related complications during anesthesiologist-administered sedation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a prospective study.

Background: Patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) require adequate sedation or general anesthesia. To date, there is lack of consensus regarding who should administer sedation in these patients. Several studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of non-anesthesiologist-administered sedation for ERCP; however, data regarding anesthesiologist-administered sedation remain limited.

The Impact of a Less Restrictive Poststernotomy Activity Protocol Compared With Standard Sternal Precautions in Patients Following Cardiac Surgery.

Objective: Guidelines following median sternotomy typically include strict sternal precautions (SP). Recently, alternative approaches propose less functional restrictions while avoiding excessive stress to the sternum. The study aimed to determine the effect of a less restrictive (LR) approach versus a standard SP protocol after median sternotomy.

Enzyme Kinetics of Organic Contaminant Oxygenations.

Enzymatic oxygenations initiate biodegradation processes of many organic soil and water contaminants. Even though many biochemical aspects of oxygenation reactions are well-known, quantifying rates of oxidative contaminant removal as well as the extent of oxygenation remains a major challenge. Because enzymes use different strategies to activate O₂, reactions leading to substrate oxygenation are not necessarily limiting the rate of contaminant removal.

Comparison of obesity classification methods among college students.

The purpose of this study was to compare obesity classification methods (body mass index (BMI)), abdominal girth (AG), and body fat percentage (BF%)), among college students. College students (n=5943) completed an objective fitness assessment, where height and weight (used to calculate BMI), AG, and BF% (using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) were assessed. Correlation and chi-square tests for independence analyses examined relationships between variables and obesity classification methods; and, the sensitivity and specify of BMI using AG and BF% were calculated.

Comparison of College Student Hypertension Prevalence between the JNC7 and ACC/AHA Diagnostic Criteria.

Hypertension is highly prevalent and associated with non-communicable diseases and increased premature mortality risk. However, the impact of the new hypertension diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of hypertension diagnoses has yet to be examined among college students. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of hypertension between the JNC7 and the ACC/AHA hypertension diagnostic criteria among college students.

Behavioral and Physiological Health-Related Risk Factors in College Students.

The purpose of this study was to assess the behavioral and physiological health-related risk factors in college students. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1620 college students (21.3 ± 1.

Objective vs self-report assessment of height, weight and body mass index: Relationships with adiposity, aerobic fitness and physical activity.

Researchers, policymakers and clinicians commonly use height and weight to determine body mass index (BMI) and classify weight status. Self-report measures are widely used but often result in misreported height and weight and, consequentially, underestimation of BMI and-potentially-weight status misclassification. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in objective and self-reported height, weight and BMI values and to find whether discordance is associated with other anthropometric measures, fitness and physical activity.

Assessing Aerobic Biotransformation of Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers by Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis.

Contamination of soils and sediments with the highly persistent hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) continues to be a threat for humans and the environment. Despite the existence of bacteria capable of biodegradation and cometabolic transformation of HCH isomers, such processes occur over time scales of decades and are thus challenging to assess. Here, we explored the use of compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) to track the aerobic biodegradation and biotransformation pathways of the most prominent isomers, namely, (-)-α-, (+)-α-, β-, γ-, and δ-HCH, through changes of their C and H isotope composition in assays of LinA2 and LinB enzymes.