The Effects of the Levels of Hypoxia in the Olfactory Nervous System in Mouse Model.

Purpose: Intermittent hypoxia (IH) results in low-grade inflammation, sympathetic overactivity, and oxidative stress. However, the specific effects of IH on olfaction have not yet been directly assessed and remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of IH exposure on the mouse olfactory epithelium and the relationship between the concentration of hypoxia and the degree of destruction of the olfactory system.

Olfactory Function and Depression: A Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: We investigated the relationship between olfactory function and depression and suggested future research in this area from rhinology.

Methods: We independently searched 5 databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane database) for recent studies published from December 2019 to the present. From the obtained studies, we reviewed the findings on olfactory function and depression using a questionnaire to measure depression and olfactory tests.

Effects of Urban Particulate Matter on the Olfactory System in a Mouse Model.

Background: Exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM) is linked to the aggravation of various health problems. Although the nasal cavity is the first barrier to encounter UPM, there is a lack of studies on the impact of UPM on the olfactory area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of UPM on mouse olfactory epithelium, the underlying pathophysiology involved, and changes in cytokine levels.

Role of systemic corticosteroids in orbital cellulitis: a meta-analysis and literature review.

Introduction: The standard management of orbital cellulitis is to administer a combination of intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics along with treatment of associated sinusitis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of corticosteroids could lead to earlier resolution of inflammation and improve disease outcome.

Methods: We independently searched five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane database) for studies published as recent as December 2019.

Endoscope-Assisted Multilayered Repair in Oronasal Fistula.

Oronasal fistula following cleft palate repair is a considerable complication with a recurrence rate of 33% to 37% and remains a challenging problem for surgeons. Furthermore, many patients have undergone several operations and experienced scar problems and other forms of morbidity. Therefore, we report a multilayered technique for oronasal fistula closure using an endoscopic nasal inferior turbinate composite graft with a palatal advance flap.

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using a Nerve Conduit with Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in a Rat Model.

Background: Autologous nerve grafts are the gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve injury treatment. However, this procedure cannot avoid sacrificing other nerves as a major limitation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) embedded in a nerve conduit.

Identification, characterization, and immobilization of a novel YbfF esterase from Halomonas elongata.

The YbfF esterase family, which has a bifurcated binding pocket for diverse ligands, could serve as excellent biocatalysts in industrial and biotechnological applications. Here, the identification, characterization, and immobilization of a novel YbfF esterase (YbfF) from Halomonas elongata DSM 2581 is reported. Biochemical characterization of YbfF was carried out using activity staining, chromatographic analysis, kinetic analysis, activity assay, acetic acid release, and pH-indicator-based hydrolysis.

Taste Dysfunction after Tonsillectomy: A Meta-analysis.

Objectives: We aimed to provide information on the effects of tonsillectomy, in particular, its effects on taste dysfunction; also known as dysgeusia, and provide direction for future research in this area.

Methods: We independently searched five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane database) for related studies published as recently as December 2019. From the included studies, we reviewed the findings on tonsillectomy and taste disturbance through the use of a questionnaire, chemogustometry, and electrogustometry.

Differences in Mechanisms of Steroid Therapy and Olfactory Training for Olfactory Loss in Mice.

Objective: Steroid therapy and olfactory training are common treatments for olfactory loss. Systemic steroid treatment is the most effective approach for treating sinonasal olfactory loss. Olfactory training is typically effective for treating sensorineural olfactory loss.

Modification of Septal Window to Improve Angled Endoscopic View for Beyond Maxillary Sinus.

Many endoscopic surgeons have showed various techniques on septal window using endoscopic tools. However, each technique has its own merits and faults. In this study, the authors introduce simple and time saving endoscopic window technique by avoiding intranasal suture resulting from simple incision line.

Characteristics of Atypical Orbital Complications of Sinusitis.

Introduction: Orbital complications of rhinosinusitis in adults are scarcely discussed in the literature. We defined atypical orbital complications as those without typical orbital invasion and not classified by the Chandler classification. These complications present as visual loss of diplopia without soft tissue swelling, pain, or computed tomography images of an orbital abscess.

3D-structural change of nasopharynx following adenoidectomy: 10-year serial data in a single hospital.

Purpose: Scar contracture commonly refers to decreased function in the scar area, whereas scar contraction refers to shortening of the scar length compared to the original wound. Wound scar remodeling occurs during months to years of wound healing to form a mature scar. Serial reports about patients who had undergone adenoidectomy are rare.

In vivo Oxygen Condition of Human Nasal Inferior Turbinate-Derived Stem Cells in Human Nose.

Background And Objective: Human nasal inferior turbinate-derived stem cells (hNTSCs) have been considered as a potent and useful source for regenerative medicine. To most effectively mimic the native environment of inferior turbinate could be very effective to hNTSCs biology. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate partial pressure of oxygen (ppO2) and temperature in inferior turbinate.

Utility of acoustic pharyngometry for screening of obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: To determine whether combining acoustic pharyngometric parameters with cephalometric and clinical parameters could improve the predictive power for significant obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a Korean population.

Methods: A total of 229 consecutive adult patients with suspected OSA were enrolled. The predictability for significant OSA using acoustic pharyngometric or cephalometric parameters or combining these parameters and clinical factors was calculated and compared using multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Trends in skin prick test according to seasons: Results of a Korean multi-center study.

Objective: Allergy is a very common condition. Allergic disease is highly affected by environmental changes. Conditions of the four seasons can change dramatically in Republic of Korea (ROK).

The neuroplastic effect of olfactory training to the recovery of olfactory system in mouse model.

Background: Several studies have reported the benefits of olfactory training (OT) in the olfactory nervous system of mouse models. Therefore, in this study we performed next-generation sequencing to evaluate the effects of OT on mRNA sequencing in the olfactory area.

Methods: Mice in each group were administered 300 mg of 3-methylindole per kilogram of mouse weight.

Characterization and mutation anaylsis of a cold-active bacterial hormone-sensitive lipase from Salinisphaera sp. P7-4.

In mammals, hormone sensitive lipase (EC 3.1.1.

Structural and functional analysis of a dimeric fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (EaFAH) from psychrophilic Exiguobacterium antarcticum.

Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) is essential for the degradation of aromatic amino acids as well as for the cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds in metabolites or small organic compounds. Here, the X-ray crystal structure of EaFAH, a dimeric fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase from Exiguobacterium antarcticum, was determined, and its functional properties were investigated using biochemical methods. EaFAH adopts a mixed β-sandwich roll fold with a highly flexible lid region (Val-Leu), and an Mg ion is bound at the active site by coordinating to the three carboxylate oxygen atoms of Glu, Glu, and Asp.

Allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis synergistically compromise the mental health and health-related quality of life of Korean adults: A nationwide population-based survey.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and rhinosinusitis (RS) negatively impact psychological well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, few population-based studies have investigated the effects of these conditions on mental health and HRQoL.

Purpose: To explore independent associations of AR and/or RS with mental health and HRQoL using data from the 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Transnasal Endoscopic Resection of a Pleomorphic Adenoma Originate From Nasal Floor.

A 81-year-old female presented to our hospital frequent epistaxis. Nasal endoscopy showed a mass obstructing nasal cavity completely and occupying middle meatus. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed, an about 4.

How to Expose the Entire Sella Floor With Minimal Manipulation During an Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach.

Objective: A method of opening the posterior ethmoid air cells with minimal manipulation is important for adequate exposure of the sella floor and minimal nasal morbidity.

Methods: Between February 2009 and August 2016, 373 patients with skull-base tumors underwent surgery via endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach with the 2-nostrils/4-hands technique using this technique.

Results: A linear incision was made laterally toward one-third of the superior turbinate along the superior border of the sphenoid sinus ostium.

Crystal Structure and Functional Characterization of an Esterase (EaEST) from Exiguobacterium antarcticum.

A novel microbial esterase, EaEST, from a psychrophilic bacterium Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7, was identified and characterized. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing structural analysis and biochemical characterization of an esterase isolated from the genus Exiguobacterium. Crystal structure of EaEST, determined at a resolution of 1.

Intranasal azelastine and mometasone exhibit a synergistic effect on a murine model of allergic rhinitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the anti-allergic effects of the combination of azelastine and mometasone with those of either agent alone in a Dermatophagoides farinae (Derf)-induced murine model of allergic rhinitis (AR).

Materials And Methods: Forty BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: azelastine (A), mometasone (M), a combination of azelastine and mometasone (MA), Derf, and control. Derf served as the allergen.