Mayo Normative Studies: regression-based normative data for remote self-administration of the Stricker Learning Span, Symbols Test, and Mayo Test Drive Screening Battery Composite and validation in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Few normative data for unsupervised, remotely-administered computerized cognitive measures are available. We examined variables to include in normative models for Mayo Test Drive (MTD, a multi-device remote cognitive assessment platform) measures, developed normative data, and validated the norms. 1240 Cognitively Unimpaired (CU) adults ages 32-100 years (96% White) from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging and Mayo Alzheimer's Disease Research Center with Clinical Dementia Rating of 0 were included.

Mayo Normative Studies: regression-based normative data for remote self-administration of the Stricker Learning Span, Symbols Test and Mayo Test Drive Screening Battery Composite and validation in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment and dementia.

Objective: Few normative data for unsupervised, remotely-administered computerized cognitive measures are available. We examined variables to include in normative models for Mayo Test Drive (a multi-device remote cognitive assessment platform) measures, developed normative data, and validated the norms.

Method: 1240 Cognitively Unimpaired (CU) adults ages 32-100-years (96% white) from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging and Mayo Alzheimer's Disease Research Center with Clinical Dementia Rating of 0 were included.

Continuous Associations between Remote Self-Administered Cognitive Measures and Imaging Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Easily accessible and self-administered cognitive assessments that can aid early detection for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia risk are critical for timely intervention.

Objectives/design: This cross-sectional study investigated continuous associations between Mayo Test Drive (MTD) - a remote, self-administered, multi-device compatible, web-based cognitive assessment - and AD-related imaging biomarkers.

Participants/setting: 684 adults from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging and Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center participated (age=70.

Acute versus chronic inflammatory markers and cognition in older black adults: Results from the Minority Aging Research Study.

Peripheral inflammation is elevated in older Black adults, an elevation which prior work has suggested may be due to chronic stress associated with systemic racism and related adverse cardiovascular health conditions. Inflammation is also involved in the pathogenic processes of dementia; however, limited (and mixed) results exist concerning inflammation and cognitive decline in Black adults. We characterized patterns of inflammation and their role in cognitive decline in 280 older Black adults (age = 72.

Liver kinase B1 rs9282860 polymorphism and risk for multiple sclerosis in White and Black Americans.

Background: We previously reported that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9282860 in serine threonine kinase 11 (STK11) gene which codes for liver kinase B1 (LKB1) has higher prevalence in White relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients than controls. However it is not known if this SNP is a risk factor for MS in other populations.

Methods: We assessed the prevalence of the STK11 SNP in samples collected from African American (AA) persons with MS (PwMS) and controls at multiple Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers and from a network of academic MS centers.

Inflammatory markers and tract-based structural connectomics in older adults with a preliminary exploration of associations by race.

Peripheral inflammation has been implicated in cognitive dysfunction and dementia. While studies outline the relationship between elevated inflammation and individual gray or white matter alterations, less work has examined inflammation as related to connectivity between gray and white matter or variability in these associations by race. We examined the relationship between peripheral inflammation and tract-based structural connectomics in 74 non-demented participants (age = 69.

Adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic on Building Research in Diet and Cognition (BRIDGE) trial.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the research landscape for clinical trials, requiring thoughtful consideration regarding how to handle the risks and benefits of continuing them.

Design: This brief report describes the experience of adapting the Building Research in Diet and Cognition (BRIDGE) study, a randomized clinical trial examining the effects of the Mediterranean diet, with and without weight loss, on cognitive functioning in 185 older obese African American adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Measurement: The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) developed an expedited amendment process for research shifting to remote data collection.

Latent Profile Analysis of Cognition in a Non-Demented Diverse Cohort: A Focus on Modifiable Cardiovascular and Lifestyle Factors.

Background: Cognitively-defined subgroups are well-documented within neurodegeneration.

Objective: We examined such profiles in diverse non-demented older adults and considered how resulting subgroups relate to modifiable factors associated with neurodegeneration.

Methods: 121 non-demented (MMSE = 28.

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Resources and Crime-Related Psychosocial Hazards, Stroke Risk, and Cognition in Older Adults.

Living in neighborhoods with lower incomes, lower education/occupational levels, and/or higher crime increases one's risk of developing chronic health problems including cardiovascular disease risk factors and stroke. These cardiovascular health problems are known to contribute to cognitive decline and dementia. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of neighborhood socioeconomic resources and crime-related psychosocial hazards on stroke risk and cognition, hypothesizing that cardiovascular health would mediate any relationship between the neighborhood-level environment and cognition.

Adapting to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a randomized controlled trial examining lifestyle behaviors on cognitive functioning in obese African American adults: Building Research in Diet and Cognition (BRIDGE).

. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the research landscape for clinical trials, requiring thoughtful consideration regarding how to handle the risks and benefits of continuing them. .

Inflammation, Cognition, and White Matter in Older Adults: An Examination by Race.

Objectives: Non-Latino Black adults have greater risk for Alzheimer's dementia compared to non-Latino White adults, possibly due to factors disproportionally affecting Black adults including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic peripheral inflammation is implicated in both Alzheimer's dementia and CVD and is known to impact cognition and cerebral white matter, yet little work has examined these associations by race. This study examined associations between inflammation, cognition, and cerebral white matter generally, and by race.

Common Brain Structural Alterations Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Alzheimer's Dementia: Future Directions and Implications.

Recent reports suggest declines in the age-specific risk of Alzheimer's dementia in higher income Western countries. At the same time, investigators believe that worldwide trends of increasing mid-life modifiable risk factors [e.g.

Protocol of Aerobic Exercise and Cognitive Health (REACH): A Pilot Study.

A growing body of evidence supports that aerobic exercise can decrease the risk of future cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is a pressing need to rigorously determine whether cognitively normal yet at-risk individuals stand to benefit from the protective effects of exercise. The present study will test the feasibility of an aerobic exercise intervention in such a population and inform the design of a larger-scale randomized, controlled trial examining the effect of aerobic exercise on biomarkers of AD in late-middle-aged, at-risk individuals.

Brain Glucose Metabolism, Cognition, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Following Exercise Training in Adults at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease.

Aerobic exercise has been associated with reduced burden of brain and cognitive changes related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is unknown whether exercise training in asymptomatic individuals harboring risk for AD improves outcomes associated with AD. We investigated the effect of 26 weeks of supervised aerobic treadmill exercise training on brain glucose metabolism and cognition among 23 late-middle-aged adults from a cohort enriched with familial and genetic risk of AD.

The oblique effect: The relationship between profiles of visuospatial preference, cognition, and brain connectomics in older adults.

The oblique effect (OE) describes the visuospatial advantage for identifying stimuli oriented horizontally or vertically rather than diagonally; little is known about brain aging and the OE. We investigated this relationship using the Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) in 107 older adults (∼age = 67.8 ± 6.

Cardiovascular disease risk factors, tract-based structural connectomics, and cognition in older adults.

Cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVD-RFs) are associated with decreased gray and white matter integrity and cognitive impairment in older adults. Less is known regarding the interplay between CVD-RFs, brain structural connectome integrity, and cognition. We examined whether CVD-RFs were associated with measures of tract-based structural connectivity in 94 non-demented/non-depressed older adults and if alterations in connectivity mediated associations between CVD-RFs and cognition.

Fitness, independent of physical activity is associated with cerebral blood flow in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Patterns of decreased resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) within the inferior temporal gyri, angular gyri, and posterior cingulate are a feature of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and have shown to be predictive of cognitive decline among older adults. Fitness and physical activity are both associated with many indices of brain health and may positively influence CBF, however, the majority of research to date has examined these measures in isolation, leaving the potential independent associations unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the unique contributions of fitness and physical activity when predicting CBF in cognitively healthy adults at risk for AD.

Sedentary Time and White Matter Hyperintensity Volume in Older Adults.

Purpose: Cerebrovascular disease in the form of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) increases with age and is associated separately with sedentary time and reduced kidney function. A better understanding of the relationships among these variables would help clarify whether sedentary time should be considered more closely in older adults at particular levels of kidney function to reduce the risk of WMH.

Methods: We analyzed information from 94 healthy community-dwelling older adults to determine the association of sedentary time and WMH in nondemented, nondepressed older adults, and whether level of kidney function was an effect modifier of the relationship between sedentary time and WMH.

Cardiorespiratory fitness attenuates age-associated aggregation of white matter hyperintensities in an at-risk cohort.

Background: Age is the cardinal risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and white matter hyperintensities (WMH), which are more prevalent with increasing age, may contribute to AD. Higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been shown to be associated with cognitive health and decreased burden of AD-related brain alterations in older adults. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine whether CRF attenuates age-related accumulation of WMH in middle-aged adults at risk for AD.

Moderate Physical Activity is Associated with Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Adults at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and glucose metabolism in asymptomatic late-middle-aged adults. Ninety-three cognitively healthy late-middle-aged adults from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention participated in this cross-sectional study. They underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging and wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) to measure free-living PA.

Val66Met predicts cognitive decline in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention.

Objective: To examine the influence of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor () Val66Met polymorphism on longitudinal cognitive trajectories in a large, cognitively healthy cohort enriched for Alzheimer disease (AD) risk and to understand whether β-amyloid (Aβ) burden plays a moderating role in this relationship.

Methods: One thousand twenty-three adults (baseline age 54.94 ± 6.

Cardiorespiratory fitness alters the influence of a polygenic risk score on biomarkers of AD.

Objective: To examine whether a polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from and is associated with CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology and whether higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) modifies the association between the PRS and CSF biomarkers.

Methods: Ninety-five individuals from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention were included in these cross-sectional analyses. They were genotyped for , , and , from which a PRS was calculated for each participant.

Relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, hippocampal volume, and episodic memory in a population at risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been shown to be related to brain health in older adults. In individuals at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), CRF may be a modifiable risk factor that could attenuate anticipated declines in brain volume and episodic memory. The objective of this study was to determine the association between CRF and both hippocampal volume and episodic memory in a cohort of cognitively healthy older adults with familial and/or genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Chronotropic Response and Cognitive Function in a Cohort at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease.

The objective of this study was to examine the association of chronotropic response (CR) and heart rate (HR) recovery- two indices of cardiovascular function within the context of a graded exercise test- with cognitive performance in a cognitively healthy, late-middle-aged cohort at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ninety participants (age = 63.52±5.