A systematic review of diabetic foot infections: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management strategies.

Background: Diabetic foot infection represents a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, contributing substantially to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure worldwide. Accurate diagnosis relies on a comprehensive assessment integrating clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and microbiological analysis. Management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing surgical intervention, antimicrobial therapy, and advanced wound care strategies.

elution of amikacin, cefazolin, gentamicin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and meropenem from a commercially available calcium sulfate delivery kit.

Introduction: The use of implantable antibiotic beads has become a frequent treatment modality for the management of surgical site infections in human and veterinary medicine. The objective of this study is to describe the elution kinetics of five antibiotics from a commercially available calcium sulfate antibiotic delivery kit. A secondary goal was to compare elution concentrations with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for commonly encountered bacteria from the University of Florida's veterinary microbiology laboratory database.

Plasma and interstitial fluid antibiotic levels of subcutaneously implanted compounded florfenicol calcium sulfate beads in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Objective: To determine antibiotic levels in plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) after SC placement of compounded florfenicol (FF) calcium sulfate beads (CSBs) in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Animals: 6 juvenile female rabbits (n = 5 treatment and 1 control).

Methods: An ultrafiltration probe and CSBs were placed SC in 6 rabbits (n = 5 for FF CSBs and 1 for control CSBs).

Effects of Cannabidiol, ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, and WIN 55-212-22 on the Viability of Canine and Human Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Cell Lines.

In our previous study, we demonstrated the impact of overexpression of CB and CB cannabinoid receptors and the inhibitory effect of endocannabinoids (2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and Anandamide (AEA)) on canine ( and human () non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines' viability compared to cells treated with a vehicle. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the anti-cancer effects of the phytocannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55-212-22 (WIN) in canine and human lymphoma cell lines and to compare their inhibitory effect to that of endocannabinoids. We used malignant canine B-cell lymphoma (BCL) (1771 and CLB-L1) and T-cell lymphoma (TCL) (CL-1) cell lines, and human BCL cell line (RAMOS).

The Role of Axillary Lymph Node Dissection versus Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection in Breast Cancer Patients with Clinical N2b-N3c Disease Who Receive Adjuvant Radiotherapy.

Background: For breast cancer with advanced regional lymph node involvement, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) remains the standard of care for staging and treating the axilla despite the presence of undissected lymph nodes. The benefit of ALND in this setting is unknown.

Objectives: We sought to describe national patterns of care of axillary surgery and its association with overall survival (OS) among women with cN2b-N3c breast cancer who receive adjuvant radiotherapy.

SINGLE-DOSE, MULTIPLE-DOSE, AND THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING PHARMACOKINETICS OF FIROCOXIB IN ASIAN ELEPHANTS ().

Firocoxib is a COX-2-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with limited effects on COX-1, which means it likely has fewer side effects than typically associated with other NSAIDs. This study determined possible doses of firocoxib based on single- and multidose pharmacokinetic trials conducted in 10 Asian elephants (). Initially, two single oral dose trials (0.

A topological deep learning framework for neural spike decoding.

The brain's spatial orientation system uses different neuron ensembles to aid in environment-based navigation. Two of the ways brains encode spatial information are through head direction cells and grid cells. Brains use head direction cells to determine orientation, whereas grid cells consist of layers of decked neurons that overlay to provide environment-based navigation.

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a veterinary phenobarbital product in healthy dogs.

Introduction: Phenobarbital has been used for many decades in both human and veterinary epileptic patients. Many formulations for a particular drug exist, most of which are marketed for humans. Recently a veterinary specific phenobarbital product has been introduced to the market in the United States.

Pharmacokinetics of mebendazole in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid following a single oral dose in healthy dogs.

Novel therapies are needed for treatment of gliomas. Mebendazole previously demonstrated anti-neoplastic effects on canine glioma cell lines at mean inhibitory concentrations (IC) of 10 ng/mL. Our study aimed to titrate the oral dose of mebendazole necessary to achieve concentrations ≥10 ng/mL in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy dogs.

Gender disparities in symptomology of COVID-19 among adults in Arkansas.

Only a few studies and reports assessing the natural history and symptomatology for COVID-19 by gender have been reported in literature to date. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine patterns in symptomology of COVID-19 by gender among a diverse adult population in Arkansas. Data on COVID-19 symptoms was collected at day of testing, 7th day and 14th day among participants at UAMS mobile testing units throughout the state of Arkansas.

SERUM DISPOSITION OF A SINGLE DOSE OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED FIROCOXIB IN AFRICAN ELEPHANTS ().

The time course of serum firocoxib concentrations was described after administration of two single oral doses (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) of commercially available firocoxib tablet ( = 4) and paste ( = 2) formulations to six healthy adult female African () elephants.

Intensivists' Reported Management of Critical Bronchiolitis: More Data and New Guidelines Needed.

Objectives: Existing bronchiolitis guidelines do not reflect the needs of infants admitted to the PICU. This study aimed to identify PICU providers' reported practice variations and explore the need for critical bronchiolitis clinical guidelines.

Methods: Cross-sectional electronic survey available in English, Spanish, and Portuguese between November 2020 and March 2021, distributed via research networks from North and Latin America, Asia, and Australia/New Zealand.

Validating the anti-lymphoma pharmacodynamic actions of the endocannabinoids on canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Aims: This study established the in vitro anti-lymphoma pharmacodynamic actions of the endocannabinoids (anandamide-AEA and 2-arachidonoylglycerol-2AG) on canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and human NHL cells.

Main Methods: The expression of cannabinoid (CB and CB) receptors in various canine NHL cells {1771, CLBL-1, CLL-1, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)} was studied using Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Anti-lymphoma cell viability assay was performed to assess the effect of endocannabinoids on various canine and human NHL cells (1771, CLBL-1, CLL-1, Ramos cells).

Disposition of a single oral dose of a cannabidiol medication in healthy cats.

The historical use of the marijuana plant for medicinal purposes is long. One of the historical uses has been for the treatment of epilepsy. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration has approved a highly purified cannabidiol medication for the add on therapy in people with certain forms of epilepsy.

Effects of a single dose of orally and rectally administered misoprostol in an in vivo endotoxemia model in healthy adult horses.

Objective: To describe misoprostol pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory efficacy when administered orally or per rectum in endotoxin-challenged horses.

Animals: 6 healthy geldings.

Procedures: A randomized 3-treatment crossover design was performed with a minimum washout period of 28 days between treatment arms.

Administration of Altrenogest to Maintain Pregnancy in Asian Elephants ().

Progesterone and progesterone derivatives are key hormones in pregnancy maintenance in mammalian species. Cessation of pregnancy, including birth or miscarriage, is certain if levels of these hormones drop below a given species-specific requirement necessary to maintain pregnancy. The synthetic progestin, altrenogest, is FDA-approved in the United States for suppression of estrus or synchronization and is administered extra-label to multiple species to maintain pregnancies in cases of luteal deficiency or otherwise abnormally low progesterone levels.

Racial disparities in symptomatology and outcomes of COVID-19 among adults of Arkansas.

Few reports have suggested that non-Hispanic (NH) blacks may present with different symptoms for COVID-19 than NH-whites. The objective of this study was to investigate patterns in symptomatology and COVID-19 outcomes by race/ethnicity among adults in Arkansas. Data on COVID-19 symptoms were collected on day of testing, 7th and 14th day among participants at UAMS mobile testing units throughout the state of Arkansas.

Temporal Variations in Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections by Race and Ethnicity in Arkansas.

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rates in the small rural state of Arkansas, using SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence as an indicator of infection.

Methods: We collected residual serum samples from adult outpatients seen at hospitals or clinics in Arkansas for non-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related reasons. A total of 5804 samples were identified over 3 time periods: 15 August-5 September 2020 (time period 1), 12 September-24 October 2020 (time period 2), and 7 November-19 December 2020 (time period 3).

State-wide random seroprevalence survey of SARS-CoV-2 past infection in a southern US State, 2020.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the proportion of Arkansas residents who were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus between May and December 2020 and to assess the determinants of infection. To estimate seroprevalence, a state-wide population-based random-digit dial sample of non-institutionalized adults in Arkansas was surveyed. Exposures were age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, occupation, contact with infected persons, comorbidities, height, and weight.

Pharmacokinetics of zonisamide after oral single dosing and multiple-dose escalation administration in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus).

Background: There are few effective drugs for treatment of seizures in avian species.

Objectives: To investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of zonisamide in chickens.

Methods: Phase 1: chickens (n = 4) received a single oral dose of zonisamide at 20 mg/kg.

Genomic and in vitro pharmacodynamic analysis of rifampicin resistance in multidrug-resistant canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern in canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius dermatitis. Treatment with rifampicin (RFP) is considered only in meticillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MDR-MRSP).

PHARMACOKINETICS OF PRIMAQUINE PHOSPHATE AFTER A SINGLE ORAL ADMINISTRATION TO AFRICAN PENGUINS ().

Primaquine is an 8-aminoquinolone drug commonly used for the chemoprophylaxis and treatment of avian malarial infections in managed penguin populations worldwide. Little is known about its pharmacokinetic properties in avian species. The objective of this study was to describe the disposition of primaquine phosphate after a single oral dose in 15 healthy African penguins ().

PHARMACOKINETICS OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE IN AFRICAN () AND ASIAN () ELEPHANTS.

Flunixin meglumine is the most commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat elephants; however, no pharmacokinetic study for flunixin has yet been conducted in these species, and dosages used range widely. Pharmacokinetic parameters of flunixin were determined in African () and Asian () elephants after single-dose oral administration of 0.8 and 1.

Assessing the Impact of I Conductance on Cross-Frequency Coupling in Model Pyramidal Neurons.

Large cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons are elements of neuronal circuitry that have been implicated in cross-frequency coupling (CFC) during cognitive tasks. We investigate potential mechanisms for CFC within these neurons by examining the role that the hyperpolarization-activated mixed cation current (I) plays in modulating CFC characteristics in multicompartment neuronal models. We quantify CFC along the soma-apical dendrite axis and tuft of three models configured to have different spatial distributions of I conductance density: (1) exponential gradient along the soma-apical dendrite axis, (2) uniform distribution, and (3) no I conductance.