Electrochemical determination of metformin a carbon paste electrode modified with an Ag NPs/CuO/CuO-decorated bacterial nanocellulose composite.

Metformin (MET) is widely used in the treatment of diabetes either alone or in combination with other drugs, in drug discovery to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of other drugs, and usually as a comparison compound in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics studies. Measuring the concentration of this substance is very important both pre-clinically in different species and clinically in the medical monitoring of diabetic patients to prevent toxicity and ensure adherence to described drugs. Therefore, it is very important to develop a sensitive and selective method to measure MET.

Cartilage-like tribological performance of charged double network hydrogels.

A synthetic hydrogel material may offer utility as a cartilage replacement if it is able to maintain low friction in different sliding environments and achieve bulk mechanical properties to withstand the severe environment of the joint. In this work, we compared the tribological behavior of four double network (DN) hydrogels to that of fresh porcine cartilage in both water and fetal bovine serum (FBS). The DN hydrogels were comprised of a negatively charged 1st network and a 2nd network wherein comonomers of varying charge (i.

Precise Correlation of Contact Area and Forces in the Unstable Friction between a Rough Fluoroelastomer Surface and Borosilicate Glass.

Stick-slip friction of elastomers arises due to adhesion, high local strains, surface features, and viscous dissipation. In situ techniques connecting the real contact area to interfacial forces can reveal the contact evolution of a rough elastomer surface leading up to gross slip, as well as provide high-resolution dynamic contact areas for improving current slip models. Samples with rough surfaces were produced by the same manufacturing processes as machined seals.

Self-regenerating compliance and lubrication of polyacrylamide hydrogels.

Pristine hydrogel surfaces typically have low friction, which is controlled by composition, slip speeds, and immediate slip history. The stiffness of such samples is typically measured with bulk techniques, and is assumed to be homogeneous at the surface. While the surface properties of homogeneous hydrogel samples are generally controlled by composition, the surface also interfaces with the open bath, which distinguishes it from the bulk.

Increased Radioresistance to Lethal Doses of Gamma Rays in Mice and Rats after Exposure to Microwave Radiation Emitted by a GSM Mobile Phone Simulator.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-irradiation with microwaves on the induction of radioadaptive response. In the 1(st) phase of the study, 110 male mice were divided into 8 groups. The animals in these groups were exposed/sham-exposed to microwave, low dose rate gamma or both for 5 days.

Preventive effect of onion juice on selenite-induced experimental cataract.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of onion juice on sodium-selenite induced cataract formation.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two 10-day-old Wistar-albino rat pups were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 received only subcutaneous saline injection.

Map position and expression of the genes in the 38 region of Drosophila.

With the completion of the Drosophila genome sequence, an important next step is to extract its biological information by systematic functional analysis of genes. We have produced a high-resolution genetic map of cytological region 38 of Drosophila using 41 deficiency stocks that provide a total of 54 breakpoints within the region. Of a total of 45 independent P-element lines that mapped by in situ hybridization to the region, 14 targeted 7 complementation groups within the 38 region.

The identification of two Drosophila K homology domain proteins. Kep1 and SAM are members of the Sam68 family of GSG domain proteins.

Sam68 is a member of a growing family of RNA-binding proteins that contains an extended K homology (KH) domain embedded in a larger domain called the GSG (GRP33, Sam68, GLD1) domain. To identify GSG domain family members, we searched data bases for expressed sequence tags encoding related portions of the Sam68 KH domain. Here we report the identification of two novel Drosophila KH domain proteins, which we termed KEP1 (KH encompassing protein) and SAM.

A transgenic mouse line harboring a smooth muscle alpha-actin promoter polyomavirus middle T antigen transgene develops an epithelial hyperplasia in the rectum and distal stomach.

Background: Transgenic mice are the product of the microinjection of foreign DNA directly into the pronuclei of a one-cell embryo. The foreign DNA can cause insertional inactivation or activation of the flanking genetic locus.

Experimental Design: We isolated five lines of transgenic mice harboring the chicken alpha-actin vascular smooth muscle enhancer/promoter linked to the polyomavirus middle T antigen using a standard microinjection protocol.