Shear margins in upper half of Northeast Greenland Ice Stream were established two millennia ago.

Only a few localised ice streams drain most of the ice from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Thus, understanding ice stream behaviour and its temporal variability is crucially important to predict future sea-level change. The interior trunk of the 700 km-long North-East Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) is remarkable due to the lack of any clear bedrock channel to explain its presence.

Three-dimensional topology dataset of folded radar stratigraphy in northern Greenland.

We present a dataset of reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) englacial stratigraphic horizons in northern Greenland. The data cover four different regions representing key ice-dynamic settings in Greenland: (i) the onset of Petermann Glacier, (ii) a region upstream of the 79° North Glacier (Nioghalvfjerdsbræ), near the northern Greenland ice divide, (iii) the onset of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) and (iv) a 700 km wide region extending across the central ice divide over the entire northern part of central Greenland. In this paper, we promote the advantages of a 3D perspective of deformed englacial stratigraphy and explain how 3D horizons provide an improved basis for interpreting and reconstructing the ice-dynamic history.

Out of Africa by spontaneous migration waves.

Hominin evolution is characterized by progressive regional differentiation, as well as migration waves, leading to anatomically modern humans that are assumed to have emerged in Africa and spread over the whole world. Why or whether Africa was the source region of modern humans and what caused their spread remains subject of ongoing debate. We present a spatially explicit, stochastic numerical model that includes ongoing mutations, demic diffusion, assortative mating and migration waves.

Dynamic recrystallization during deformation of polycrystalline ice: insights from numerical simulations.

The flow of glaciers and polar ice sheets is controlled by the highly anisotropic rheology of ice crystals that have hexagonal symmetry (ice lh). To improve our knowledge of ice sheet dynamics, it is necessary to understand how dynamic recrystallization (DRX) controls ice microstructures and rheology at different boundary conditions that range from pure shear flattening at the top to simple shear near the base of the sheets. We present a series of two-dimensional numerical simulations that couple ice deformation with DRX of various intensities, paying special attention to the effect of boundary conditions.

Quantum Enhancement of the Index of Refraction in a Bose-Einstein Condensate.

We study the index of refraction of an ultracold bosonic gas in the dilute regime. Using phase-contrast imaging with light detuned from resonance by several tens of linewidths, we image a single cloud of ultracold atoms for 100 consecutive shots, which enables the study of the scattering rate as a function of temperature and density using only a single cloud. We observe that the scattering rate is increased below the critical temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation by a factor of 3 compared to the single-atom scattering rate.

Converging flow and anisotropy cause large-scale folding in Greenland's ice sheet.

The increasing catalogue of high-quality ice-penetrating radar data provides a unique insight in the internal layering architecture of the Greenland ice sheet. The stratigraphy, an indicator of past deformation, highlights irregularities in ice flow and reveals large perturbations without obvious links to bedrock shape. In this work, to establish a new conceptual model for the formation process, we analysed the radar data at the onset of the Petermann Glacier, North Greenland, and created a three-dimensional model of several distinct stratigraphic layers.

Using elliptical best fits to characterize dental shapes.

A variety of geometric morphometric methods have recently been used to describe dental shape variation in human evolutionary studies. However, the applicability of these methods is limited when teeth are worn or are difficult to orient accurately. Here we show that elliptical best fits on outlines of dental tissues below the crown provide basic size- and orientation-free shape descriptors.

Analytical model for tracer dispersion in porous media.

In this work, we present a novel analytical model for tracer dispersion in laminar flow through porous media. Based on a straightforward physical argument, it describes the generic behavior of dispersion over a wide range of Péclet numbers (exceeding eight orders of magnitude). In particular, the model accurately captures the intermediate scaling behavior of longitudinal dispersion, obviating the need to subdivide the dispersional behavior into a number of disjunct regimes or using empirical power-law expressions.

The integration of experimental in-situ EBSD observations and numerical simulations: a novel technique of microstructural process analysis.

The combination of subgrain- and grain-scale microstructural data collected during in-situ heating experiments and numerical simulations of equivalent microstructural development offers an innovative and powerful tool in the advancement of the understanding of microstructural processes. We present a system that fully integrates subgrain- to grain-scale crystallographic data obtained during in-situ observations during heating experiments in a scanning electron microscope and the two-dimensional hybrid numerical modelling system Elle. Such a system offers the unique opportunity to test and verify theories for microstructural development, as predictions made by numerical simulations can be directly coupled to appropriate physical experiments and, conversely, theoretical explanations of experimental observations should be testable with numerical simulations.

[The demonstration of a methodology for identifying and analysing oxygenated sterols present in radicular cysts].

Our work has two main aims: to identify oxygenated sterols that accompany cholesterol in dental cyst and to develop effective methods for "profile" analyses of these sterols. Attention as focused on a family of products derived from cholesterol, characterized by the presence of one or more oxygenated functions. More than fifty of these oxysterols are known and find most of time in different parts of the body.

[Drug interactions in dentistry].

The authors describe the various interactions which may exist between the medical treatments followed by patients and various groups of substances used in odonto-stomatology: non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antifungicides, vasoconstrictors and local anaesthetics. They clarify the clinical risk relating to each of these medicament interactions.

[Demonstration of PGE2 by immunofluorescence in the wall of radicular cysts].

The present study gives the first evidence, through immunofluorescence, of the prostaglandins PGE2 in radicular cysts. The results are in agreement with literature. In addition, the immunofluorescence technique has also demonstrated the localization of prostaglandins inside the cyst cavity.