Contribution of systemic factors on macular vessel density: a sex-specific population-based study.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of systemic factors on macular vessel density in quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) by sex.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: A total of 2018 adults were recruited in this study.

Distribution of multiple chalazia in eyelids of pediatrics requiring surgery in southeast China: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Multiple chalazia are common in children, and many are treated by surgery. However, the distribution of different types of multiple chalazia has not been studied. This research aimed to investigate the location and number of multiple chalazia in pediatrics who need surgical treatments.

Psychological interventions to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients: a review.

Purpose: Glaucoma has been increasing recognised to cause significant mental health burden to patients while psychological factors also play important roles in the development and progression of glaucoma. This review presents the current evidence of the impact of psychological interventions in glaucoma patients to improve their holistic care in terms of both physical and mental health by modulating psychological symptoms and supporting glaucoma control.

Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed for relevant studies up to February 2022.

Patient-centred care in ophthalmology: current practices, effectiveness and challenges.

Purpose: To summarise different patient-centred care approaches that can be used in ophthalmology and review their effectiveness.

Methods: An Entrez Pubmed search on publications concerning different patient-centred care was performed on September 7, 2021. Articles on animal research, non-English language and review articles were excluded after manually screening by two authors.

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Isolated From Pediatrics With Ocular Infections: A 6-Year Hospital-Based Study in China.

() is an important pathogen of ocular infections in pediatrics. The study aimed to identify the prevalence and resistance pattern of , especially methicillin-resistant (MRSA), in Chinese children with ocular infections. All patients with infections were reviewed at a tertiary children's hospital during 2015-2020, and those with ocular infections were investigated for susceptibility results.

A review on the use of telemedicine in glaucoma and possible roles in COVID-19 outbreak.

We review the use of telemedicine in glaucoma and its possible roles in the COVID-19 outbreak. We performed a literature search of published human studies on teleglaucoma on May 12, 2020, using search terms including "telemedicine" and "glaucoma" that were in English and published over the prior 10 years. This search strategy yielded a total of 14 relevant articles after manual curation.

Association between functional status and ocular surface disease among local elderly population in Hong Kong.

: To evaluate the correlation between ocular surface disease (OSD) and functional status among elderly population over 60 years old in Hong Kong.: Chinese subjects above 60 years old were recruited from the Ophthalmology clinic in Hong Kong West Cluster. Subjects demographic and questionnaires to evaluate the functional status were used to correlate with OSD objectively with clinical examination to assess the meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), corneal staining, Schirmer's test and tear break-up time (TBUT); and subjectively with ocular surface disease index (OSDI).

Lacrimal sac bacteriology and susceptibility pattern in infants with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in the 1st year of life: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is one of the main causes of epiphora in infants, and antibiotics are usually used as a conservative therapy in the first year. Yet, little is known about the bacteriology of the occluded lacrimal drainage system in this group of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiology of lacrimal sac (LS) in Chinese children with CNLDO in their first year of life.

Randomized Control Trial on the Effectiveness of Collagen Cross-linking on Bullous Keratopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the long-term effect and safety of collagen cross-linking (CXL) on patients with bullous keratopathy (BK) in a randomized control manner. It is, to our knowledge, the first randomized control study on the effect of CXL on BK.

Methods: Subjects were randomized to receive CXL as in the standard protocol for treating keratoconus or a placebo treatment.

Sociodemographic, behavioral, and medical risk factors associated with visual impairment among older adults: a community-based pilot survey in Southern District of Hong Kong.

Background: The last visual survey of older adults in Hong Kong was a district-level study in 2002, with no assessment of behavioral and medical risk factors for visual impairment (VI). Our objectives were to determine the latest VI prevalence among older adults, significance of any spatial and temporal differences on the prevalence, and any associations of sociodemographic, behavioral and medical risk factors with VI from a multi-perspective analysis.

Methods: Community-based pilot survey of residents from a suburb of Hong Kong, aged ≥50, using a standardized questionnaire, was conducted in 2016.

Prevalence and associations of myopia in Hong Kong primary school students.

Purpose: To examine the prevalence of myopia in primary school children in Hong Kong, and the risk factors for myopia development.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: Subjective refraction and axial length were measured in all participants.

Factors Associated with Poor Eye Drop Administration Technique and the Role of Patient Education among Hong Kong Elderly Population.

Objectives: To identify the risk factors for poor eye drop application technique in treatment-naïve subjects and to assess if patient education can benefit these subjects.

Methods: Chinese subjects above 60 years were recruited. Questionnaires, including Barthel index; Lawton's instrumental activities of daily living (ADL); Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of Weight (FRAIL) scale; and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), were used to correlate with eye drop application technique (before and after patient education) using Spearman correlation analysis.

Randomized comparative trial of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation versus Ahmed glaucoma valve for neovascular glaucoma in Chinese - a pilot study.

Purpose: This is a pilot study to compare the effectiveness and safety of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) with the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) in the management of neovascular glaucoma (NVG).

Methods: Eyes with NVG and an IOP greater than 21 mmHg on maximal medications, without previous glaucoma surgery or cyclodestruction, were randomized for either TSCP or AGV implantation. These eyes were followed for at least 6 months and analyzed with respect to their visual outcome, IOP, number of glaucoma medications required, and related complications.

Physical exercise and glaucoma: a review on the roles of physical exercise on intraocular pressure control, ocular blood flow regulation, neuroprotection and glaucoma-related mental health.

The benefits of physical exercise on health and well-being have been studied in a wide range of systemic and ocular diseases, including glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by accelerated apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and insufficient ocular perfusion have been postulated to be the two main theories in glaucoma development and progression. The effects of exercise in these two aspects have been demonstrated by numerous researches.

Comparison of surgical outcome of trabeculectomy and phacotrabeculectomy in Chinese glaucoma patients.

Our study retrospectively reviewed the surgical outcomes up to 3mo of 38 consecutive Chinese glaucoma patients who underwent trabeculectomy (=18) or phacotrabeculectomy (=20). Baseline age, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure were comparable. Intraocular pressure from post-operative 1d to 3mo were similar between 2 groups.

Early intraocular pressure change after peripheral iridotomy with ultralow fluence pattern scanning laser and Nd:YAG laser in primary angle-closure suspect: Kowloon East Pattern Scanning Laser Study Report No. 3.

Purpose: Our purpose was to assess the early intraocular pressure (IOP) changes of ultralow fluence laser iridotomy using pattern scanning laser followed by neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-gamet (Nd:YAG) laser.

Methods: This is a prospective interventional study. Thirty-three eyes of 33 adult Chinese primary angle-closure suspect subjects were recruited for prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy.

Effects of Riboflavin and Ultraviolet Illumination on the Biomechanical Properties of Conjunctiva.

Purpose: Our experiment evaluated the biomechanical effects of riboflavin and ultraviolet A illumination, in terms of covalent bonding, permeability, and indentation rupture force, on excised cattle conjunctiva.

Materials And Methods: Cattle conjunctiva was extracted and divided into the treatment group, which was soaked in riboflavin, followed by ultraviolet light illumination, and the control group. Samples were subsequently analysed on a Fourier transform infrared spectrum test to identify the presence of amide bonds, a permeability test to assess the diffusion of methylene blue across conjunctiva, and an indentation rupture force test.

Clinical characteristics of optic neuritis in Hong Kong population: 10-year review.

Purpose: To review the clinical course of adult patients with acute optic neuritis over 10 years in Hong Kong, and the results were compared with other studies among Asian and Caucasian patients.

Methods: This study retrospectively analysed the clinical features of 38 adult patients (51 eyes) presented with optic neuritis in a Hong Kong hospital over 10 years (2001-2010).

Results: Optic neuritis had a female predominance (68%).

ExPRESS Mini-Shunt as a Treatment Alternative for Medically Uncontrolled Steroid-Induced Glaucoma in a Pediatric Patient.

This case report illustrates the use of ExPRESS mini-shunt in a pediatric glaucoma patient. We describe the management of steroid-induced glaucoma with ExPRESS mini-shunt in a 9-year-old boy with allergic keratoconjunctivitis. The intraocular pressure of both of his eyes was uncontrolled with medical and laser treatment.

Use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in the management of pterygium.

The rising success of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies in ocular disease has stimulated the use of such treatments in the surgical management of pterygium. We reviewed the literature to better understand the safety and efficacy of the adjunctive role of anti-VEGF treatments for pterygium excision. Without surgery, anti-VEGF alone may favourably alter symptoms and vascularity, but does not cause pterygium regression.

Recurrent acute angle-closure attack due to plateau iris syndrome after cataract extraction with or without argon laser peripheral iridoplasty: a case report.

Background: We describe two cases of recurrent acute angle-closure attack in patients with plateau iris syndrome after cataract extraction. Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty and cataract extraction have been used to reduce the occurrence of acute angle-closure attack in plateau iris syndrome although the risk cannot be completely eliminated. There is no consensus on the long term management of plateau iris syndrome.

Collagen crosslinking in the management of leaking cystic blebs: a prospective study.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of collagen crosslinking for leaking cystic blebs.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on subjects with cystic bleb leaks without indications for urgent surgical intervention. Collagen crosslinking with riboflavin 0.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty in open-angle glaucoma.

Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a relatively new type of laser used in treating open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and is reported to be equally efficacious to a first-line medication and argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). We summarize available evidence for considering SLT as an alternative treatment in OAG through systematic review and meta-analysis. Among OAG patients who range from newly diagnosed to those on maximally tolerated medical therapy, SLT results in a 6.