An Explainable Artificial Intelligence Software Tool for Weight Management Experts (PRIMO): Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Predicting the likelihood of success of weight loss interventions using machine learning (ML) models may enhance intervention effectiveness by enabling timely and dynamic modification of intervention components for nonresponders to treatment. However, a lack of understanding and trust in these ML models impacts adoption among weight management experts. Recent advances in the field of explainable artificial intelligence enable the interpretation of ML models, yet it is unknown whether they enhance model understanding, trust, and adoption among weight management experts.

Study protocol of the Health4Life initiative: a cluster randomised controlled trial of an eHealth school-based program targeting multiple lifestyle risk behaviours among young Australians.

Introduction: Lifestyle risk behaviours, including alcohol use, smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, poor sleep (duration and/or quality) and sedentary recreational screen time ('the Big 6'), are strong determinants of chronic disease. These behaviours often emerge during adolescence and co-occur. School-based interventions have the potential to address risk factors prior to the onset of disease, yet few eHealth school-based interventions target multiple behaviours concurrently.

Impact of Baseline Fatigue on a Physical Activity Intervention to Prevent Mobility Disability.

Objectives: Our aim was to examine the impacts of baseline fatigue on the effectiveness of a physical activity (PA) intervention to prevent major mobility disability (MMD) and persistent major mobility disability (PMMD) in participants from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study.

Design: Prospective cohort of individuals aged 65 years or older undergoing structured PA intervention or health education (HE) for a mean of 2.6 years.

Genetic Predisposition Impacts Clinical Changes in a Lifestyle Coaching Program.

Both genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to an individual's disease risk, suggesting a multi-omic approach is essential for personalized prevention. Studies have examined the effectiveness of lifestyle coaching on clinical outcomes, however, little is known about the impact of genetic predisposition on the response to lifestyle coaching. Here we report on the results of a real-world observational study in 2531 participants enrolled in a commercial "Scientific Wellness" program, which combines multi-omic data with personalized, telephonic lifestyle coaching.

Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on the Mobility Benefit of a Structured Physical Activity Intervention-The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To test whether structured physical activity (PA) is associated with a greater reduction in major mobility disability (MMD) in older persons with metabolic syndrome (MetS) than in those without.

Design: Data from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study, a multicenter randomized trial of 1,635 persons with assessments every 6 months (average 2.7 years).

Understanding and Promoting Effective Engagement With Digital Behavior Change Interventions.

This paper is one in a series developed through a process of expert consensus to provide an overview of questions of current importance in research into engagement with digital behavior change interventions, identifying guidance based on research to date and priority topics for future research. The first part of this paper critically reflects on current approaches to conceptualizing and measuring engagement. Next, issues relevant to promoting effective engagement are discussed, including how best to tailor to individual needs and combine digital and human support.

Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) in Mobile Health: Key Components and Design Principles for Ongoing Health Behavior Support.

Background: The just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) is an intervention design aiming to provide the right type/amount of support, at the right time, by adapting to an individual's changing internal and contextual state. The availability of increasingly powerful mobile and sensing technologies underpins the use of JITAIs to support health behavior, as in such a setting an individual's state can change rapidly, unexpectedly, and in his/her natural environment.

Purpose: Despite the increasing use and appeal of JITAIs, a major gap exists between the growing technological capabilities for delivering JITAIs and research on the development and evaluation of these interventions.

Breast cancer survivors' beliefs and preferences regarding technology-supported sedentary behavior reduction interventions.

Purpose: Less time spent in sedentary behaviors is associated with improved health and disease outcomes in breast cancer survivors. However, little is known about survivors' interest in sedentary behavior reduction interventions and how to effectively reduce this risk behavior. The purpose of this study was to explore breast cancer survivors' interest in and preferences for technology-supported sedentary behavior reduction interventions.

Effect of Structured Physical Activity on Sleep-Wake Behaviors in Sedentary Elderly Adults with Mobility Limitations.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of structured physical activity on sleep-wake behaviors in sedentary community-dwelling elderly adults with mobility limitations.

Design: Multicenter, randomized trial of moderate-intensity physical activity versus health education, with sleep-wake behaviors prespecified as a tertiary outcome over a planned intervention period ranging from 24 to 30 months.

Setting: Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study.

Comparison of breast cancer screening rates between Korean women in America versus Korea.

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Korean American women and among Korean women in Korea. However, many Asian women are not aware of the importance of screening mammography. This study compares breast cancer screening in Korean women in California and in Korea.

HPA axis response to stress predicts short-term snack intake in obese women.

Prior research has linked heightened cortisol reactivity to stress with increased food consumption. This pilot study tested corollaries of the hypothesis that cortisol stress reactivity promotes obesity. Thirty-four lean and obese women completed an acute stress task and a non-stressful control task in counterbalanced order.

Predicting the stages of adoption of cervical cancer screening among Korean women.

Objective: We examined the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavioral change based on cervical cancer screening among Korean women. We assessed the stages of Pap smear adoption, positive and negative attitudes toward Pap smear, and contributory factors.

Method: This study was based on the 2007 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, which included a total of 1224 women > or =30 years.

Carbohydrate craving: a double-blind, placebo-controlled test of the self-medication hypothesis.

Carbohydrate craving, the overwhelming desire to consume carbohydrate-rich foods in an attempt to improve mood, remains a scientifically controversial construct. We tested whether carbohydrate preference and mood enhancement could be demonstrated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled self-administration trial. Overweight females who met strict operational criteria for carbohydrate craving participated in two 3-day discrete choice trials over a 2-week period.

Ethnic similarities and differences in reasons for smoking.

We examined reasons for smoking among Black and White smokers. We hypothesized that Blacks would be more likely than Whites to cite tension reduction and less likely to cite weight control as a reason for smoking. Black (n = 100) and White (n = 100) female smokers completed the Reasons for Smoking Scale and the Smoking Situations Questionnaire.

Weight concerns and smoking in Black and White female smokers.

We examined whether the weight concerns of Blacks and Whites who enroll in smoking-cessation treatment differed from women who declined treatment. Black (n=100) and White (n=100) female smokers completed four measures of weight concern. Whites reported more general weight concern and smoking-specific weight concern than Blacks did.

Eating pathology among Black and White smokers.

Among White smokers, many females use smoking as a weight control strategy. Little is known about the relationship between eating pathology and smoking among Black females, and whether smokers who enroll in treatment differ in eating pathology from smokers who decline treatment. We examined eating pathology among Black and White smokers who enrolled in a smoking cessation treatment and those who declined treatment.