Women in space: A review of known physiological adaptations and health perspectives.

Exposure to the spaceflight environment causes adaptations in most human physiological systems, many of which are thought to affect women differently from men. Since only 11.5% of astronauts worldwide have been female, these issues are largely understudied.

Gravitational Dose-Response Curves for Acute Cardiovascular Hemodynamics and Autonomic Responses in a Tilt Paradigm.

Background The cardiovascular system is strongly dependent on the gravitational environment. Gravitational changes cause mechanical fluid shifts and, in turn, autonomic effectors influence systemic circulation and cardiac control. We implemented a tilt paradigm to (1) investigate the acute hemodynamic response across a range of directions of the gravitational vector, and (2) to generate specific dose-response relationships of this gravitational dependency.