Risk of glaucoma with bisphosphonate use in patients with osteoporosis: a case-control study.

Purpose: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are first line agents commonly used in the management of osteoporosis. There have been two case reports that have suggested a possible link between BPs and acute angle closure (AAC). In the absence of any large epidemiologic studies, we sought to determine the risk of AAC and OAG with bisphosphonate use in patients with osteoporosis.

Medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder associated with increased risk of developing glaucoma.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) therapies including atomoxetine, methylphenidate, and amphetamines are some of the most prescribed medications in North America. Due to their sympathomimetic action, these drugs are contraindicated in patients with a history of angle closure glaucoma (ACG). This study aims to determine the risk of ACG and open angle glaucoma (OAG) among users of these treatments.

Outcomes of Scleral Buckling After Failed Pneumatic Retinopexy.

To assess the visual and anatomic outcomes of eyes that had secondary scleral buckle (SB) surgery after unsuccessful pneumatic retinopexy (PR) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). A retrospective study, performed over a 12-year period, comprised patients who had secondary SB procedures after failed primary PR. Clinical parameters (eg, best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA], lens status, macula status, details of RRD and subretinal fluid) were assessed at presentation, before additional procedures, and at follow-up (6 months, 1 year, and last visit).

Incidence of Sympathetic Ophthalmia after Intraocular Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Topic: Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a rare bilateral granulomatous panuveitis that can present after trauma or intraocular surgery (IOS). The incidence of SO after IOS varies among studies. The purpose of this review was to determine the incidence proportion of SO after IOS.

A unique case of glaucoma associated with heterotopic bone formation in the anterior chamber angle.

Purpose: To describe a unique case of unilateral open angle glaucoma secondary to heterotopic bone formation in the anterior chamber angle.

Observations: A 57 year-old male with an unremarkable history presented with right eye pain. Anterior segment examination demonstrated a solid, white deposit overlying the trabecular meshwork and peripheral iris associated with an intraocular pressure of 44 mmHg.

Impact of the use of anti-glaucoma medications on the risk of herpetic keratitis recurrence.

Purpose: Numerous case reports have associated anti-glaucoma medications with recurrence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and herpes zoster virus (HZV) keratitis. The aim of our study was to determine whether different anti-glaucoma agents are associated with recurrence of herpetic keratitis.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using health databases from a Canadian province from January 2001 to December 2012.

Navigating Personal and Professional Development Through Social Media in Ophthalmology.

Background: Although social media use among physicians skyrocketed during the COVID-19 pandemic, its role for networking, mentorship, and support among ophthalmologists remains unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate how ophthalmologists use social media for navigating challenges related to personal and professional development.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study conducted during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Exploring Ophthalmologists' Adoption of Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic promoted hitherto unseen uptake of telemedicine by ophthalmologists. We performed a mixed methods study to explore patters of utilization during the pandemic and perceived future utility.

Methods: Ophthalmologists practicing in Canada between March and July 2020 were invited to complete an online questionnaire assessing demographics, clinical practice characteristics and telemedicine utilization prior to and during the pandemic.

Pathophysiology of Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss in Dry Eye Disease and Other Inflammatory Ocular Disorders.

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) and other inflammatory ocular disorders have been reported to be associated with decreased corneal endothelial cell density (CECD), however the mechanism of underlying endothelial cell loss remains unknown.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search of English-written publications on dry eye disease, corneal endothelial cell loss, Sjögren's syndrome, and Graft Vs Host Disease (GVHD), to review the effects of DED and other inflammatory ocular surface conditions on CECD.

Results: A total of 78 studies were included in our study.

Gender and editorship in oculoplastics societal publications.

Purpose: The editorship of medical journals is a leadership role that can affect recognition and career advancement. We determine the gender representation of the editorial boards of oculoplastic surgery journals in comparison to the proportion of women in oculoplastics societies.

Methods: The gender composition of the American, European and Asia-Pacific societies of oculoplastic and reconstructive surgery and the editorial boards of their respective society journals were determined with online searches in March 2021.

The Incidence of Sympathetic Ophthalmia After Trauma: A Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a rare, bilateral panuveitis that occurs following open globe injury (OGI), with a variable incidence reported in the literature. Our objective was to determine the incidence proportion and incidence rate of SO following OGI to help guide shared physician-patient decision making.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

A review of robotic surgical training: establishing a curriculum and credentialing process in ophthalmology.

Ophthalmic surgery requires a highly dexterous and precise surgical approach to work within the small confines of the eye, and the use of robotics offers numerous potential advantages to current surgical techniques. However, there is a lag in the development of a comprehensive training and credentialing system for robotic eye surgery, and certification of robotic skills proficiency relies heavily on industry leadership. We conducted a literature review on the curricular elements of established robotics training programs as well as privileging guidelines from various institutions to outline key components in training and credentialing robotic surgeons for ophthalmic surgeries.

Research productivity and impact of Canadian academic ophthalmologists: trends in H-index, gender, subspecialty, and faculty appointment.

Objective: H-index has historically functioned as a metric of academic success for acquisition of research grants, awards, and faculty appointments. Our objective was to characterize the landscape of Canadian academic ophthalmology on the basis of research productivity and impact-as measured by H-index-with gender, subspecialty, and faculty appointment.

Design: Cross-sectional study based on data abstracted from publicly available databases.

Effects of hormonal contraceptives on dry eye disease: a population-based study.

Background: Hormonal contraceptives (HCs) are a known risk factor for dry eye disease (DED), yet the relationship between HCs use and DED in women of child-bearing age remains debatable. The aim of this study was to determine the association between HCs and DED in females of reproductive age.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from IQVIA's electronic medical record (IQVIA, USA).

Perspectives on virtual ophthalmology education among Canadian medical students.

• Similarly structured virtual learning programs may address critical gaps in undergraduate medical education of ophthalmology. • Medical students prefer interactive virtual modalities over traditional didactic methods for learning ophthalmology. • Social isolation in learners and inequities in access to medical education can be mitigated with open-access virtual learning.

Risk of Gynecomastia with Users of Proton Pump Inhibitors.

Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed for many gastrointestinal diseases. A number of case reports have linked PPIs to gynecomastia in men, but large epidemiologic studies are lacking.

Objective: To quantify the risk of gynecomastia with PPIs in male patients.

Risk of Parkinson's disease in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To examine the risk of developing Parkinson's Disease (PD) in patients who are newly diagnosed with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods: This was a cohort study using the British Columbia (BC) Retinal Disease Database. Data from 2009 to 2013 was accessed.