Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intramuscular alfaxalone in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps): effect of injection site.

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular (IM) injection of alfaxalone in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) when injected at a cranial versus a caudal site.

Study Design: Prospective, masked, randomized crossover study.

Animals: A total of 13 healthy bearded dragons weighing 0.

Cuff size, cuff placement, blood pressure state, and monitoring technique can influence indirect arterial blood pressure monitoring in anesthetized bats (Pteropus vampyrus).

Objective: Evaluate agreement between 2 non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) techniques and invasive arterial blood pressure (IBP) in anesthetized bats using various cuff sizes and cuff positioning while also evaluating its performance during hypertension and hypotension.

Animals: 8 bats (1.1 ± 0.

Sedation and Anesthesia of Galapagos (), Aldabra (), and African Spurred Tortoises (): A Retrospective Review (2009-2019).

Tortoises belong to the taxonomic family which is considered one of the most imperiled families of the order . Anesthesia is often required for the medical and surgical management of large tortoises. The objectives of this retrospective study were to review drug regimens used to successfully anesthetize Galapagos ( Aldabra and African spurred ( tortoises, and to compare the times to effect and to extubation in tortoises administered different premedication protocols.

Successful treatment of prolonged refractory ventricular fibrillation in an anesthetized dog.

Objective: To describe a case of successful return of spontaneous circulation in an anesthetized dog that developed spontaneous ventricular fibrillation during CPR that was refractory to multiple defibrillation attempts by utilizing pharmacological antiarrhythmic therapy.

Case Summary: Cardiopulmonary arrest occurred during surgical preparation in a 1-year-old German Shepherd Dog under general anesthesia for fluoroscopic implantation of an Amplatz canine duct occluder for treatment of a patent ductus arteriosus. Pulseless electrical activity was initially diagnosed, and resuscitative efforts were immediately initiated, including basic cardiac life support, discontinuation of anesthesia with administration of reversal agents, and low-dose epinephrine administration (0.

The effect of erector spinae plane block on perioperative analgesic consumption and complications in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To compare the perioperative use of analgesics and complication rates in dogs administered an erector spinae plane (ESP) block or a traditional opioid-based (OP) treatment as part of analgesic management during hemilaminectomy.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Animals: Medical records of 114 client-owned dogs.

A DESCRIPTION OF ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT IN TWO SPECIES OF FLYING FOXES ( AND ).

Blood pressure assessment is valuable during management of chronic conditions with increased risk of developing hypertension and as a standard practice for anesthetic monitoring. Normal arterial blood pressure values have not been well described in megachiropteran species. Following anesthetic induction and maintenance with isoflurane in oxygen, arterial blood pressure was obtained from the posterior tibial artery of eight large flying foxes () and six variable flying foxes (), two with structural cardiac disease and four in good clinically health.

INHALANT ANESTHETIC RECOVERY FOLLOWING INTRAMUSCULAR EPINEPHRINE IN THE LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLE ( CARETTA CARETTA).

Prolonged anesthetic recovery time is a common complication of chelonian inhalant anesthesia and may be exacerbated by right-to-left intracardiac shunting of blood. Epinephrine may decrease intracardiac shunting, which may shorten anesthetic recovery time. The study objective was to assess inhalant anesthetic recovery time following intramuscular epinephrine compared with saline in the loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta caretta).

MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION VELOCITIES OF THE MEDIAN AND SCIATIC-TIBIAL NERVES IN EIGHT NORMAL LARGE FLYING FOXES ( PTEROPUS VAMPYRUS).

Electrodiagnostic testing is an integral part of the evaluation of the motor unit in many neurologic conditions. Literature about the peripheral nervous system of flying foxes ( Pteropus spp) is sparse, and reference range values for motor nerve conduction velocities in vivo have not been established in Chiropterans. The goals of this study were to determine reference range conduction velocities in flying fox for the thoracic and pelvic limb nerve.

INTRAMUSCULAR EPINEPHRINE RESULTS IN REDUCED ANESTHETIC RECOVERY TIME IN AMERICAN ALLIGATORS (ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS) UNDERGOING ISOFLURANE ANESTHESIA.

Inhalants are commonly used to anesthetize reptiles, but volatile anesthetics have been associated with prolonged recovery times. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of intramuscular (IM) epinephrine on anesthetic recovery times following isoflurane anesthesia in a population of subadult American alligators ( Alligator mississippiensis ). In this prospective randomized crossover study, five clinically healthy alligators were anesthetized for 90 min with the use of isoflurane.

EPINEPHRINE OR GV-26 ELECTRICAL STIMULATION REDUCES INHALANT ANESTHESTIC RECOVERY TIME IN COMMON SNAPPING TURTLES (CHELYDRA SERPENTINA).

Prolonged anesthetic recovery times are a common clinical problem in reptiles following inhalant anesthesia. Diving reptiles have numerous adaptations that allow them to submerge and remain apneic for extended periods. An ability to shunt blood away from pulmonary circulation, possibly due to changes in adrenergic tone, may contribute to their unpredictable inhalant anesthetic recovery times.

Use of a perfusion index to confirm the presence of sciatic nerve blockade in dogs.

Objectives: To evaluate perfusion index (PI) as a determinant of regional nerve block success following sciatic nerve blockade with bupivacaine in dogs undergoing stifle surgery.

Study Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Animals: Ten adult dogs, aged 5.

Effects of premedication with sustained-release buprenorphine hydrochloride and anesthetic induction with ketamine hydrochloride or propofol in combination with diazepam on intraocular pressure in healthy sheep.

Objective: To determine the effects of diazepam combined with ketamine hydrochloride or propofol for induction of anesthesia (IOA) following premedication with sustained-release buprenorphine hydrochloride (SRB) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in sheep.

Animals: 20 healthy adult sheep.

Procedures: Diazepam with ketamine or propofol was given IV to each of 10 sheep after premedication with SRB (0.