Harmful Marketing: An Overlooked Social Determinant of Health.

This paper reviews evidence about the impact of marketing on ill health. We summarize evidence that marketing practices in six industries (tobacco, alcohol, pharmaceutical, processed food, firearm, and fossil fuel) are causal influences on the occurrence of injury, disease, and premature death. For each industry, we provide a brief overview on the extent of harmful marketing, efforts from each industry to obscure or otherwise conceal the impact of their marketing strategies, and efforts to counter the impact of harmful marketing in these industries.

Psychometric properties of the health literacy questionnaire tested in Vietnamese adults with chronic diseases.

Background: The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) is an increasingly used health literacy instrument that has been translated into many languages. The HLQ has 44 items and comprises 9 scales assessing the multidimensional construct of health literacy. This study reports the HLQ reliability and construct validity tested in people with chronic diseases living in Vietnam.

Health system related kidney supportive care interventions for adults with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review.

Introduction: Kidney failure can be managed either conservatively or via kidney replacement therapy. Kidney supportive care combines the expertise of nephrology with palliative care in a multidisciplinary team with a focus on improving quality of life.

Objective: To identify and appraise evidence-based health system kidney supportive care interventions DESIGN: Systematic review (PROSPERO Registration - CRD42022333650).

Factors That Influence Access to Medical Assistance in Dying Services: An Integrative Review.

Background: In nearly all jurisdictions where it is permitted, Medical Assistance in Dying is situated in a healthcare system. Currently, limited evidence demonstrates how supply and demand factors influence access to Medical Assistance in Dying.

Objective: The aim of this study is to synthesise empirical research from jurisdictions where Medical Assistance in Dying is legal to identify how supply and demand factors influence access for eligible adults.

Tobacco, nicotine, and cannabis use and exposure in an Australian Indigenous population during pregnancy: A protocol to measure parental and foetal exposure and outcomes.

Background: The Australian National Perinatal Data Collection collates all live and stillbirths from States and Territories in Australia. In that database, maternal cigarette smoking is noted twice (smoking <20 weeks gestation; smoking >20 weeks gestation). Cannabis use and other forms of nicotine use, for example vaping and nicotine replacement therapy, are nor reported.

Understanding nurses' perceptions of sexual health and function in people requiring haemodialysis.

Background: Sexual dysfunction is common for adults receiving chronic haemodialysis; however, renal nurses seldom discuss this topic with patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify renal nurses' attitudes towards providing sexual healthcare and to determine their confidence in discussing sexual dysfunction with adults who are receiving haemodialysis.

Design: An online cross-sectional study.

Protocol for a hybrid effectiveness-implementation clinical trial evaluating video-assisted electronic consent vs standard consent for patients initiating and continuing haemodialysis in Australia (eConsent HD).

Introduction: Communicating complex information about haemodialysis (HD) and ensuring it is well understood remains a challenge for clinicians. Informed consent is a high-impact checkpoint in augmenting patients' decision awareness and engagement prior to HD. The aims of this study are to (1) develop a digital information interface to better equip patients in the decision-making process to undergo HD; (2) evaluate the effectiveness of the co-designed digital information interface to improve patient outcomes; and (3) evaluate an implementation strategy.

"How to navigate this new area": Intensive care clinicians' perceptions of voluntary assisted dying in the intensive care unit: A multisite exploratory study.

Background: There is growing momentum worldwide for assisted dying. In Australia, voluntary assisted dying may occur in any setting, including an intensive care unit (ICU). As the subject of much debate worldwide, exploring ICU clinicians' perceptions of assisted dying is essential.

Once-per-week haemodialysis in a financial crisis: Predictors of interdialytic weight gain.

Background: Several countries are experiencing challenges in maintaining standard haemodialysis services for people with kidney failure.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the health profile of people receiving haemodialysis and to identify factors associated with interdialytic weight gain.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Development of a Continuous Flow Baldwin Rearrangement Process and Its Comparison to Traditional Batch Mode.

A new and highly efficient continuous flow process is presented for the synthesis of aziridines via the thermal Baldwin rearrangement. The process was initially explored using traditional batch synthesis techniques but suffered from moderate yields, long reaction times, and moderate diastereoselectivities. Here we demonstrate that the process can be greatly improved upon its transfer to continuous flow, which afforded the aziridine targets in high yields, short reaction times, and consistently high diastereoselectivities, with the high-throughput process rendering multigram quantities of product in short periods of time.

Perceptions of and preferences for PrEP use among African American women and providers in the U.S. South: a qualitative study.

Objective: African American (AA) women in the U.S. South experience significant HIV incidence, and efforts to support antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and maintenance among this group have been insufficient.

The Shift from Individual to Organizational Health Literacy: Implications for Kidney Healthcare Leaders and Clinicians.

Background: As a social determinant of health, health literacy has a vital role in the management of chronic disease management, including chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Summary: To be able to manage their condition, patients with CKD need to be able to assess, comprehend, appraise, and utilize complex health-related information. Those patients are much more likely to understand and use health information appropriately, if it addresses their personal needs related to language, culture, educational background, and socioeconomic status.

Optimizing delirium care in the era of Age-Friendly Health System.

Delirium is a significant geriatric condition associated with adverse clinical and economic outcomes. The cause of delirium is usually multifactorial, and person-centered multicomponent approaches for proper delirium management are required. In 2017, the John A.

Indirect treatment comparisons of the gene therapy etranacogene dezaparvovec versus extended half-life factor IX therapies for severe or moderately severe haemophilia B.

Introduction: Etranacogene dezaparvovec gene therapy for haemophilia B demonstrated superior efficacy at 24 months in reducing bleeds versus a ≥6-month lead-in period of prophylaxis with FIX products in the phase 3 trial, HOPE-B. In the absence of head-to-head comparisons of etranacogene dezaparvovec versus FIX products, indirect treatment comparisons (ITC) can be used.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of etranacogene dezaparvovec versus rIX-FP, rFIXFc and N9-GP using ITC, and support HOPE-B results.

Multimodal approaches for inequality in kidney care: turning social determinants of health into opportunities.

Purpose Of Review: Kidney disease is associated with major health and economic burdens worldwide, disproportionately carried by people in low and middle socio-demographic index quintile countries and in underprivileged communities. Social determinants such as education, income and living and working conditions strongly influence kidney health outcomes. This review synthesised recent research into multimodal interventions to promote kidney health equity that focus on the social determinants of health.

A Survey of Otolaryngology Residency Programs on Adapting to the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 Transitioning to Pass/Fail.

Objectives In February 2020, the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) announced that the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 licensing examination would change from a numerical score to Pass/Fail (P/F). After implementation, many believe that USMLE-Step 2-Clinical Knowledge (CK) will become an important metric for students applying to otolaryngology (ENT). The purpose of this study is to determine factors important to resident selection after these changes.

Perceptions of haemodialysis nurses regarding patients' and families' loss and grief.

Background: The experience of loss and grief in patients' lives with life-long treatment in haemodialysis, and in their families' lives is a major cause of mental health problems. In practice, nurses often describe a lack of time and limited knowledge of how to provide nursing care in situations of loss and grief, thus finding out from nurses' perspectives of what competencies they need to provide care would be useful for the development of nursing practice.

Objectives: To develop knowledge in a nursing perspective of competencies to provide care for patients and their families, who experience grief linked to loss due to kidney failure, haemodialysis and/or death.

Hospitalizations Among Adults With CKD in Public Renal Specialty Practices: A Retrospective Study From Queensland, Australia.

Rationale & Objective: Little is known about hospital admissions in nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) before death or starting kidney replacement therapy (KRT).

Study Design: Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting & Participants: Hospitalizations among 7,201 patients with CKD from 10 public renal clinics in Queensland (QLD), enrolled in the CKD.

Exploring the relationships between health literacy, social support, self-efficacy and self-management in adults with multiple chronic diseases.

Background: Self-management in chronic diseases is essential to slowing disease progression and preventing complications. However, empirical research on the associations of critical factors, such as health literacy, social support, and self-efficacy with self-management in the context of multiple chronic diseases is scarce. This study aimed to investigate these associations and provides insights for healthcare providers to develop effective educational strategies for people with multiple chronic diseases.

Impact of chronic kidney disease on everyday life: A descriptive qualitative study.

Background: Living with chronic kidney disease is stressful as the disease and its treatments impact on everyday physical, psychological, and social activities. As this disease has a long trajectory, it is important to understand everyday life experiences of those at different points along this trajectory.

Objectives: To explore the impact of chronic kidney disease and its treatment on everyday life.