Effects of Multimodal Bundle with Remote Ischemic Preconditioning and Intrathecal Analgesia on Early Recovery of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate after Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma.

We investigated the effects of multimodal combined bundle therapy, consisting of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) and intrathecal morphine block (ITMB), on the early recovery of kidney function after robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In addition, we compared the surgical and analgesic outcomes between patients with and without bundle treatment. This prospective randomized double-blind controlled trial was performed in a cohort of 80 patients with RCC, who were divided into two groups: a bundle group ( = 40) and non-bundle group ( = 40).