Differences of Host Country-Destination Image Assessment for International Students According to Risk Perception in COVID-19 Tourism.

The study examined the comparative assessment of destination image according to the perception of COVID-19 and travel risk among international students. The online survey was administered to 786 international students enrolled in universities in Korea. Cluster analysis was performed, and three distinct clusters were identified based on risk perception.

Evaluating Olympic Pictograms Using Fuzzy TOPSIS-Focus on Judo, Taekwondo, Boxing, and Wrestling.

It is necessary to evaluate whether Olympic pictograms are designed accurately and are easy to understand, so that they fulfill their intended functions and roles. Olympic pictograms are used to facilitate smooth communication at this large sporting event. However, viewers often find it challenging to understand the actual sport represented by the pictogram.

FMCW Radar Estimation Algorithm with High Resolution and Low Complexity Based on Reduced Search Area.

We propose a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar estimation algorithm with high resolution and low complexity. The fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based algorithms and multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithms are used as algorithms for estimating target parameters in the FMCW radar systems. FFT-based and MUSIC algorithms have tradeoff characteristics between resolution performance and complexity.

High-Efficiency Super-Resolution FMCW Radar Algorithm Based on FFT Estimation.

This paper proposes a high-efficiency super-resolution frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar algorithm based on estimation by fast Fourier transform (FFT). In FMCW radar systems, the maximum number of samples is generally determined by the maximum detectable distance. However, targets are often closer than the maximum detectable distance.

Foot Gesture Recognition Using High-Compression Radar Signature Image and Deep Learning.

Recently, Doppler radar-based foot gesture recognition has attracted attention as a hands-free tool. Doppler radar-based recognition for various foot gestures is still very challenging. So far, no studies have yet dealt deeply with recognition of various foot gestures based on Doppler radar and a deep learning model.

Establishment of Conditions for Long-Term Maintenance of Primary Embryonic Cell Cultures from Olive Flounder .

Primary cell culture is a sufficient method frequently used to study the cellular properties and mechanisms of isolated cells in a controlled environment. In this study, an embryonic cell line (FGBC8) derived from the blastula stages of embryos of olive flounder was developed. Furthermore, conditions for optimal long-term maintenance of this primary embryonic cell culture were investigated.

Low-Complexity MUSIC-Based Direction-of-Arrival Detection Algorithm for Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Vital Radar.

This paper proposes a low complexity multiple-signal-classifier (MUSIC)-based direction-of-arrival (DOA) detection algorithm for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) vital radars. In order to reduce redundant complexity, the proposed algorithm employs characteristics of distance between adjacent arrays having trade-offs between field of view (FOV) and resolution performance. First, the proposed algorithm performs coarse DOA estimation using fast Fourier transform.

Low-Complexity Joint Range and Doppler FMCW Radar Algorithm Based on Number of Targets.

A low-complexity joint range and Doppler frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar algorithm based on the number of targets is proposed in this paper. This paper introduces two low-complexity FMCW radar algorithms, that is, region of interest (ROI)-based and partial discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based algorithms. We find the low-complexity condition of each algorithm by analyzing the complexity of these algorithms.

A Low-Complexity FMCW Surveillance Radar Algorithm Using Two Random Beat Signals.

This paper proposes a low-complexity frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) surveillance radar algorithm using random dual chirps in order to overcome the blind-speed problem and reduce the computational complexity. In surveillance radar algorithm, the most widely used moving target indicator (MTI) algorithm is proposed to effectively remove clutter. However, the MTI algorithm has a so-called 'blind-speed problem' that cannot detect a target of a specific velocity.

A Novel DFT-Based DOA Estimation by a Virtual Array Extension Using Simple Multiplications for FMCW Radar.

We propose a novel discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based direction of arrival (DOA) estimation by a virtual array extension using simple multiplications for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. DFT-based DOA estimation is usually employed in radar systems because it provides the advantage of low complexity for real-time signal processing. In order to enhance the resolution of DOA estimation or to decrease the missing detection probability, it is essential to have a considerable number of channel signals.

Starvation-induced Physiological Responses and RNA/DNA Ratios in Rock Bream, , and Olive Flounder, .

In a 12-week experiment, the rock bream, , and olive flounder, , were investigated to determine the effects of starvation on their physiological parameters. The protein and DNA contents of the starved fish were significantly higher than the initial values and those of the fed fish. The RNA contents and RNA/DNA ratios of the fed fish were significantly higher than those of the other groups (0.

Effects of different light wavelengths from LEDs on oxidative stress and apoptosis in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) at high water temperatures.

We investigated how different light spectra affect thermal stress in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), using light emitting diodes (LEDs; blue, 450 nm; green, 530 nm; red, 630 nm) at two intensities (0.3 and 0.5 W/m(2)) at relatively high water temperatures (25 and 30 °C, compared to a control condition of 20 °C).

Effects of light-emitting diode spectra on the vertebrate ancient long opsin and gonadotropin hormone in the goldfish Carassius auratus.

We determined the molecular mechanism underlying the environmental (photoperiodic) regulation of sexual maturation in fish, we examined the expression of sexual maturation-related hormones and vertebrate ancient long opsin (VAL-opsin) in goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to different light spectra (red and green light-emitting diodes). We further evaluated the effect of exogenous gonadotropin hormone (GTH) on the expression of VAL-opsin under different light conditions. Our results demonstrated that the expression of GTHs was higher in the fish exposed to green light, and VAL-opsin levels were increased in the fish receiving GTH injection.

Cytogenetic study of diploid and induced tetraploid in Korean rose bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii.

In this study, we induced tetraploidy in Korean rose bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii, by applying various hydrostatic pressure shock conditions. Tetraploidy was not induced under 4500 psi pressure treatment in any experimental group. Instead, the induction rate of tetraploidy was highest under 7500 psi hydrostatic pressure treatment.

Effects of melatonin injection or green-wavelength LED light on the antioxidant system in goldfish (Carassius auratus) during thermal stress.

We tested the mitigating effects of melatonin injections or irradiation from green-wavelength light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to thermal stress (high water temperature, 30 °C). The effects of the two treatments were assessed by measuring the expression and activity levels of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, plasma hydrogen peroxide, lipid hydroperoxide, and lysozyme. In addition, a comet assay was conducted to confirm that high water temperature damaged nuclear DNA.

Effect of long-after glow phosphorescent pigment on reproductive parameters and ovarian maturation in the yellowtail damselfish, Chrysiptera parasema.

Photoperiod is considered the most important factor that entrains animal rhythms, including the reproductive cycle. The present study tested differences in sex maturation and sex steroid hormones of yellowtail damselfish (Chrysiptera parasema) exposed to a white fluorescent bulb (12L:12D and 14L:10D) or long-afterglow phosphorescent pigment (LumiNova sheet) for 4 months. At the end of the experiment, in the phosphorescent group, mRNA expressions of gonadotropin hormones [(GTHs, including gonadotropin (GTH) α and luteinizing hormone (LH) β)], estrogen receptor (ER), and vitellogenin were significantly higher than in the photoperiod groups (12L:12D and 14L:10D), and these results are consistent with those of Western blotting for protein expression.

Gene discovery in the finger leather coral Sinularia notanda by construction and sequencing of a normalized cDNA library.

The transplantation of coral fragments is one of methods that restore coral communities. To form coral colonies, the fragmented corals initiated skeletal extension from the cut-edge of fragment then success the settlement. In order to understand the molecular events underlying fragment adhesion and settlement, we constructed a normalized cDNA library and generated and annotated expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the fragmented adult polyps of soft coral Sinularia notanda.

Highly efficient active optical interconnect incorporating a partially chlorinated ribbon POF in conjunction with a visible VCSEL.

A low-loss 4-ch active optical interconnect (AOI) enabling passive alignment was proposed and built resorting to a transmitter (Tx) incorporating a red 680-nm VCSEL, which is linked to a receiver (Rx) module via a partially chlorinated ribbon POF. The POF was observed to exhibit an extremely low loss of ~0.24 dB/m at λ = 680 nm, in comparison to ~1.

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of a peroxiredoxin 1 cDNA from Korean rose bitterling (Rhodeus uyekii).

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), also known as natural killer cell enhancing factors in fish, role as antioxidant proteins and participate in a variety of biological processes, including H2O2-mediated cell signaling, molecular chaperoning, and mitochondrial function. In this study, we isolated and characterized a Prx 1 cDNA from the Korean rose bitterling Rhodeus uyekii, and designated it RuPrx 1. The RuPrx 1 cDNA encodes a 197-amino-acid polypeptide that belongs to the class of typical 2-Cys Prxs that contain peroxidatic and resolving cysteines.

Molecular and functional analyses of the fast skeletal myosin light chain2 gene of the Korean oily bitterling, Acheilognathus koreensis.

We identified and characterized the primary structure of the Korean oily bitterling Acheilognathus koreensis fast skeletal myosin light chain 2 (Akmlc2f), gene. Encoded by seven exons spanning 3955 bp, the deduced 168-amino acid AkMLC2f polypeptide contained an EF-hand calcium-binding motif and showed strong homology (80%-98%) with the MLC2 proteins of Ictalurus punctatus and other species, including mammals. Akmlc2f mRNA was highly enriched in skeletal muscles, and was detectable in other tissues.

Gene cloning and characterization of a cold-adapted esterase from Acinetobacter venetianus V28.

Acinetobacter venetians V28 was isolated from the intestine of righteye flounder, Poecilopsetta plinthus caught in Vietnam seawater, and the esterase gene was cloned using a shotgun method. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence (1,017 bp) corresponded to a protein of 338 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 37,186. The esterase had 87% and 72% identities with the lipases of A.

Molecular characterization of tripartite motif protein 25 (TRIM25) involved in ERα-mediated transcription in the Korean rose bitterling Rhodeus uyekii.

Tripartite motif-containing 25 (TRIM25), also known as estrogen-responsive finger protein (EFP), plays an essential role in cell proliferation and innate immunity. In the present study, we isolated and characterized the TRIM25 cDNA of the Korean rose bitterling Rhodeus uyekii, designated RuTRIM25. It encodes an open reading frame of 669 amino acids containing an N-terminal RBCC motif composed of a RING domain, two B boxes, and a coiled-coil domain and a C-terminal B30.

Molecular characterization of a tandem-repeat galectin-9 (RuGlec9) from Korean rose bitterling (Rhodeus uyekii).

Galectin-9 is a b-galactoside-binding lectin that regulates many cellular functions, ranging from cell adhesion to pathogen recognition. We isolated and characterized the cDNA of tandem-repeat galectin-9 (RuGlec9) from the Korean rose bitterling (Rhodeus uyekii), an endemic Korean fish belonging to the Acheilognathinae subfamily of the Cyprinidae family. RuGlec9 cDNA is 1486 bp long and encodes a polypeptide of 323 amino acids containing two carbohydrate-recognition domains connected by a linker peptide.