Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Alleviates Inflammatory Pain by Down-Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome in Experimental Chronic Prostatitis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on prostatitis and explore the mechanism of alleviating pain.

Materials And Methods: For testing, RWPE-1 cells were randomly divided into 5 groups: (1) RWPE-1 group (normal control), (2) LPS group (lipopolysaccharide inducing inflammation), (3) 0.1ESWT group (treated by 0.

Comparison of intrarectal heated lidocaine gel and periprostatic nerve block for pain control in transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.

Background: To investigate whether intrarectal local anesthesia with heated lidocaine gel (IRLAH) is non-inferior to periprostatic nerve block (PNB) for reducing pain in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy.

Methods: We performed a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial with 100 participants who underwent systematic TRUS-guided, 12-core prostate biopsy from August 2019 to July 2020. These participants were randomly assigned to a group receiving intrarectal local anesthesia with 20 mL of heated (40°C) 2% lidocaine gel (n = 50) or PNB (n = 50).

The change of antibiotic susceptibility in febrile urinary tract infection in childhood and adolescence during the last decade.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the pattern of antibiotic resistance in pediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the data of entire urine culture tests and antibiotic susceptibility tests performed on hospitalized patients for febrile UTI at the Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital during 2010-2020.

The effect of heated lidocaine gel on pain reduction during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a randomized-controlled study.

Purpose: To determine whether intrarectal local anesthesia (IRLA) with heated lidocaine gel provides pain reduction during transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy.

Methods: We conducted a randomized-controlled study with 153 participants who underwent TRUS-guided, systematic 12-core prostate biopsy from May 2018 to June 2019. These participants were divided into three test groups.

A Prospective Validation and Observer Performance Study of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Pathologic Diagnosis of Gastric Tumors in Endoscopic Biopsies.

Purpose: Gastric cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Northeast Asia. Population-based endoscopic screenings in the region have yielded successful results in early detection of gastric tumors. Endoscopic screening rates are continuously increasing, and there is a need for an automatic computerized diagnostic system to reduce the diagnostic burden.

Correlation between internal pudendal artery stenosis and erectile dysfunction in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

Background: Stenoses of internal pudendal arteries (IPAs) appear to be related to erectile dysfunction (ED). Nevertheless, the correlation between the severity of ED and stenosis of the IPAs is not well established.

Objectives: To evaluate angiographic findings of IPAs in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) and to assess the correlation between the severity of ED and IPA stenosis.

Effects of low-frequency intravaginal electrical stimulation on female urinary incontinence, quality of life, and urinary symptoms: A pilot study.

This study investigated the effects of a low-frequency home-based incontinence therapy device on quality of life (QoL) and urinary symptoms in women with urinary incontinence. From May 2017 to February 2018, 34 patients, aged ≥ 20 years, with involuntary urine leakage >2 times/week, were recruited to this study. Patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse, pregnancy, virgin status, and psychological problems were excluded.

Hemostatic effect and psychological impact of an oxidized regenerated cellulose patch after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: A prospective and retrospective study.

To investigate the usefulness of the oxidized regenerated cellulose patch (ORCP) for postbiopsy hemostasis, anxiety, and depression in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.This was a prospective-retrospective study of 300 patients who underwent systematic 12-core prostate biopsy from August 2016 through March 2018. The ORCP was inserted into the rectum immediately after prostate biopsy in the prospective group (n = 150), while the retrospective group (n = 150) underwent prostate biopsy alone.

Effects of a combination of herbal extracts (modified Ojayeonjonghwan (Wuzi Yanzong wan)) on partial urethral obstruction-induced detrusor overactivity in rats: impact on the nitric oxide pathway and oxidative stress.

Background: We investigated the effects of a berry mixture formula (modified Ojayeonjonghwan (Wuzi Yanzong Wan, MO formula) on detrusor overactivity (DO).

Methods: The MO formula consisted of 5 seeds obtained from 5 types of berry plants. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham-operated (control), partial urethral obstruction-induced DO (DO group), 0.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage following sugammadex and remifentanil administration: A case report.

Rationale: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare life-threatening condition that accompanies general anesthesia. Negative-pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a rare cause of DAH.

Patient Concerns: A 25-year-old male patient developed hemoptysis following remifentanil administration by bolus injection with sugammadex at the emergence from general anesthesia.

Long-Term Outcomes of Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Nephrolithotomy for Caliceal Diverticular Calculi: A Case Series.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of laparoendoscopic single-site nephrolithotomy (LESS-NL) for symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi.

Patients And Methods: From November 2009 to March 2014, 11 cases of LESS-NL with a homemade single-port device for caliceal diverticular calculi were performed by a single experienced laparoscopic surgeon. All patients were assessed at postoperative 1 month, 1 year, and 3 years for symptom-free status and by CT for stone-free and caliceal diverticular obliteration status.

A useful method for assessing differences of compensatory hypertrophy in the contralateral kidney before and after radical nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma: ellipsoid formula on computed tomography.

Objective: To investigate the usefulness of the ellipsoid formula for assessing compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney on pre-operative and post-operative CT in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 389 patients who had radical nephrectomy for RCC between 2011  and 2015. Contrast-enhanced CT was performed within 3 months pre-operative and at 1 year post-operative.

The effect of ultrasound-guided compression immediately after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy on postbiopsy bleeding: a randomized controlled pilot study.

Purpose: To evaluate whether ultrasound-guided compression performed immediately after transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy decreases bleeding complications.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated a total of 148 consecutive patients who underwent TRUS-guided prostate biopsy between March 2015 and July 2016. Systematic 12-core prostate biopsy was performed in all patients.

Curcumin potentiates antitumor activity of cisplatin in bladder cancer cell lines via ROS-mediated activation of ERK1/2.

Resistance of bladder cancer to cisplatin is a major obstacle to successful treatment. In the current study, we investigated the apoptotic effects of curcumin and cisplatin co-treatment in 253J-Bv(p53 wild-type) and T24(p53 mutant) bladder cancer. We found that curcumin and cisplatin co-treatment primarily targets reactive oxygen species(ROS) and extracellular regulated kinase(ERK) signaling during the apoptosis induction in bladder cancer.

Initial Use of High-Dose Anticholinergics Combined with Alpha-Blockers for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms with Overactive Bladder: A Prospective, Randomized Preliminary Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of initial combined treatment of alpha-blocker plus dose-dependent anticholinergic agent compared to the alpha-blocker monotherapy in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with overactive bladder.

Methods: Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) patients with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of 8 or higher, total overactive bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) of 3 or higher, and 2 points or higher in the OABSS questionnaire number 2 were enrolled. Eligible subjects (total n = 146) were randomly assigned to receive tamsulosin 0.

Tumor size is associated with compensatory hypertrophy in the contralateral kidney after radical nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: To assess the association between tumor size and postoperative compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney estimated with preoperative and postoperative CT in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: We prospectively identified 728 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for RCC between 2012 and 2014. Contrast-enhanced CT was done within 3 months preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) expression in non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma: Association with poor clinical outcome and potential therapeutic target.

Aim: Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) promotes tumour cell survival, invasion, anti-apoptosis, metastasis and radio/chemo-resistance in various cancers. However, the expression pattern and prognostic implications of S1PR1 in urothelial carcinoma remain unclear and thus were addressed here.

Methods: Tissue microarrays composed of 395 initially diagnosed and transurethral resected urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder were immunostained for S1PR1 and phosphor-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3).

Immunoprofile-based subgrouping of urothelial bladder carcinomas for survival prediction.

One of the major challenges in bladder cancer management is in distinguishing aggressive from indolent tumors with similar clinicopathological factors, especially in cases of high-grade T1 stage tumors. To define a set of prognostic factors that can be easily assessed in clinical practice with a high cost-effectiveness, the expressions of 11 proteins were examined immunohistochemically in 403 cases of transurethral resection of bladder tumors, then correlated to clinical outcomes. Based on the protein immunoprofiles, urothelial carcinomas were divided into 4 intrinsic molecular subgroups with different clinical outcomes: subgroups 1 and 4 with the poorest survival, subgroup 2 with the best survival, and subgroup 3 with the intermediate survival outcome.

Laparoscopic hand-assisted adrenal sparing surgery for a giant adrenal myelolipoma: A case report.

Introduction: Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign tumor. Surgical resection is advocated in case of symptomatic, large size (> 4cm), increase of size on follow-up and atypical appearance on imaging. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is currently the gold standard operation for managing benign adrenal mass.

Measurement of renal function in a kidney donor: a comparison of creatinine-based and volume-based GFRs.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the performance of various GFR estimates compared with direct measurement of GFR (dGFR). We also sought to create a new formula for volume-based GFR (new-vGFR) using kidney volume determined by CT.

Materials And Methods: GFR was measured using creatinine-based methods (MDRD, the Cockcroft-Gault equation, CKD-EPI formula, and the Mayo clinic formula) and the Herts method, which is volume-based (vGFR).

Compensatory Structural and Functional Adaptation after Radical Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma According to Preoperative Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Purpose: We investigated structural hypertrophy and functional hyperfiltration as compensatory adaptations after radical nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma according to the preoperative chronic kidney disease stage.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively identified 543 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma between 1997 and 2012. Patients were classified according to preoperative glomerular filtration rate as no chronic kidney disease--glomerular filtration rate 90 ml/minute/1.

Volumetric measurement of compensatory hypertrophy in the contralateral normal kidney by the tumor growth.

Purpose: We evaluated the association between tumor size and preoperative volumetric kidney parameters measured with CT in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: We prospectively identified 1118 patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for RCC between 2011 and 2014. Contrast-enhanced CT was performed within three months before surgery.

Histological and immunohistochemical markers for progression prediction in transurethrally resected high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

High-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (Non-MIBC) has a high risk of stage progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and could be managed either conservatively by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) or more aggressively by radical cystectomy. The selection of patients who may benefit from early radical intervention is a challenge. To define useful prognostic markers for progression, we analyzed clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression patterns of E2F1, p27, survivin, p53, EZH2, IMP3, TSC1/hamartin, fatty acid synthase, androgen receptor, 14-3-3σ, MAGEA4, and NY-ESO-1 on 118 cases of high-grade Non-MIBC.

Midterm efficacy and complications of readjustable midurethral sling (Remeex system) in female stress urinary incontinence with recurrence or intrinsic sphincter deficiency.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, complications, and managements of the readjustable midurethral sling (Remeex system) for the treatment of recurrent stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after previous anti-incontinence surgeries or intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD).

Methods: Between March 2008 and February 2012, 102 women, who presented with previous failed surgery or ISD, were treated with the Remeex system at 4 different institutions. We retrospectively reviewed medical history, physical examination, urodynamic study, postvoiding residual volume, and/or 1-hour pad test of the patients.