Effects of Acute Stress on Metabolic Interactions Related to the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle in the Left Hippocampus of Mice.

Background/objectives: The acute stress response affects brain metabolites closely linked to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This response involves time-dependent changes in hormones and neurotransmitters, which contribute to resilience and the ability to adapt to acute stress while maintaining homeostasis. This physiological mechanism of metabolic dynamics, combined with time-series analysis, has prompted the development of new methods to observe the relationship between TCA cycle-related brain metabolites.

Altered small-world property of a dynamic metabolic network in murine left hippocampus after exposure to acute stress.

The acute stress response is a natural and fundamental reaction that balances the physiological conditions of the brain. To maintain homeostasis in the brain, the response is based on changes over time in hormones and neurotransmitters, which are related to resilience and can adapt successfully to acute stress. This increases the need for dynamic analysis over time, and new approaches to examine the relationship between metabolites have emerged.

Altered structural brain network resulting from white matter injury in obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: To assess, using fractional anisotropy (FA) analysis, alterations of brain network connectivity in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Abnormal networks could mediate clinical functional deficits and reflect brain tissue injury.

Methods: Structural brain networks were constructed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) from 165 healthy (age 57.

Minimisation of Signal Intensity Differences in Distortion Correction Approaches of Brain Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of signal intensity differences between the b0 image and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the image registration process.

Methods: To correct signal intensity differences between the b0 image and DTI data, a simple image intensity compensation (SIMIC) method, which is a b0 image re-calculation process from DTI data, was applied before the image registration. The re-calculated b0 image (b0) from each diffusion direction was registered to the b0 image acquired through the MR scanning (b0) with two types of cost functions and their transformation matrices were acquired.

Impact of sleep restriction on the structural brain network.

Sleep restriction (SR) is defined as the condition of not having enough sleep, and it can cause brain injury. In this study, we examined the impact of SR on the structural brain network. We obtained diffusion MRI (dMRI) data for the SR group of fourteen participants who got less than or equal to 5.

Symmetrical Location Characteristics of Corticospinal Tract Associated With Hand Movement in the Human Brain: A Probabilistic Diffusion Tensor Tractography.

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the symmetrical characteristics of corticospinal tract (CST) related with hand movement in bilateral hemispheres using probabilistic fiber tracking method. Seventeen subjects were participated in this study. Fiber tracking was performed with 2 regions of interest, hand activated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) results and pontomedullary junction in each cerebral hemisphere.

Possibility Study of Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) Algorithm Application to Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

The purpose of this study is an application of scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm to stitch the cervical-thoracic-lumbar (C-T-L) spine magnetic resonance (MR) images to provide a view of the entire spine in a single image. All MR images were acquired with fast spin echo (FSE) pulse sequence using two MR scanners (1.5 T and 3.

Brodmann's Area Template Based Region of Interest Setting and Probabilistic Pathway Map Generation in Diffusion Tensor Tractography: Application to the Arcuate Fasciculus Fiber Tract in the Human Brain.

The purpose of this study is to acquire accurate diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) results for arcuate fasciculus (AF) fiber tract using Brodmann's area (BA) template for region of interest (ROI) setting. Thirteen healthy subjects were participated in this study. Fractional anisotropy (FA) map of each subject was calculated using diffusion tensor data, and T1w template was co-registered to FA map.

Factors influencing the renal arterial Doppler waveform: a simulation study using an electrical circuit model (secondary publication).

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of vascular compliance, resistance, and pulse rate on the resistive index (RI) by using an electrical circuit model to simulate renal blood flow.

Methods: In order to analyze the renal arterial Doppler waveform, we modeled the renal blood-flow circuit with an equivalent simple electrical circuit containing resistance, inductance, and capacitance. The relationships among the impedance, resistance, and compliance of the circuit were derived from well-known equations, including Kirchhoff's current law for alternating current circuits.

Diffusion tensor imaging to determine the potential motor network connectivity between the involved and non-involved hemispheres in stroke.

Hemiparetic stroke is a common motor network disorder that affects a wide range of functional movements due to cortical and subcortical network lesions in stroke patients. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to examine structural brain damage, but the integrity and connectivity of the whole brain are poorly understood. Hence, advanced neuroimaging with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been developed to better localize fiber architecture and connectivity in the motor network or pathways that are responsible for motor impairments in hemiparetic stroke.

Topographic organization of motor fibre tracts in the human brain: findings in multiple locations using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor tractography.

Objectives: To identify the hand and foot fibre tracts of the corticospinal tract (CST), and to evaluate the relative locations, angles, and distances of two fibre tracts using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT).

Methods: Twelve healthy subjects were enrolled. The regions of interests (ROIs) were drawn in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation areas and pons in each subject for fibre tracking.

Diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging for hand and foot fibers location at the corona radiata: comparison with two lesion studies.

The corticospinal tract is the motor pathway in the human brain, and corona radiata (CR) is an important location to diagnose stroke. We detected hand and foot motor fiber tracts in the CR to investigate accurate locations using diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and functional imaging. Ten right-handed normal volunteers participated in this study.

Characteristics of geometric distortion correction with increasing field-of-view in open-configuration MRI.

Open-configuration magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems are becoming increasingly desirable for musculoskeletal imaging and image-guided radiotherapy because of their non-claustrophobic configuration. However, geometric image distortion in large fields-of-view (FOV) due to field inhomogeneity and gradient nonlinearity hinders the practical applications of open-type MRI. We demonstrated the use of geometric distortion correction for increasing FOV in open MRI.

Placebo effects on analgesia related to testosterone and premotor activation.

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested whether graded placebo conditions could modulate the degree of placebo effect and brain activation patterns in study participants and whether the placebo effect could be influenced by hormones. Each participant was investigated under three conditions: the control (no placebo) condition, the low-placebo condition, and the high-placebo condition (HPC). Activations of the premotor areas, anterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex were stronger in the HPC compared with those in the control and low placebo conditions.

Location of the corticospinal tract at the corona radiata in human brain.

Little is known about the location of the corticospinal tract (CST) at the corona radiata (CR). In the current study we attempted to elucidate the location of the CST for the hand at the CR using diffusion tensor tractography analysis based on functional MRI activation results. Functional MRI was performed at 1.

Dual-modal nanoprobes for imaging of mesenchymal stem cell transplant by MRI and fluorescence imaging.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of labeling human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with bifunctional nanoparticles and assessing their potential as imaging probes in the monitoring of hMSC transplantation.

Materials And Methods: The T1 and T2 relaxivities of the nanoparticles (MNP@SiO(2)[RITC]-PEG) were measured at 1.5T and 3T magnetic resonance scanner.

Cortical reorganization demonstrated by diffusion tensor tractography analyzed using functional MRI activation.

The diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) allows the corticospinal tract(CST) to be visualized at the subcortical level and functional MRI (fMRI) is capable of precisely identifying activation sites at the cortex. Therefore, it seems that combined DTT/fMRI would allow more accurate evaluation of the state of the CST. We have attempted to demonstrate cortical reorganization in a patient with cortical hemorrhage using DTT analyzed by fMRI activations.

Recovery of corticospinal tract with diffuse axonal injury: a diffusion tensor image study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identity the recovery process of the corticospinal tract with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Design: A 47-year-old female patient and six age-matched control subjects were evaluated. The patient presented with quadriparesis (more severe in the right extremities than the left ones) due to DAI at the onset of traumatic brain injury.

Focal lesions of the corticospinal tract demonstrated by diffusion tensor imaging in patients with diffuse axonal injury.

Objectives: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with fiber tractography (FT) could be useful for exploration of the state of the corticospinal tract (CST) at the subcortical white matter level. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate focal lesions of the CST in patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI), using DTI with FT.

Design: Two patients with DAI and six normal control subjects were recruited to this study.

Recovery of a partially damaged corticospinal tract in a patient with intracerebral hemorrhage: a diffusion tensor image study.

Purpose: We hypothesized that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could be useful for exploring corticospinal tract (CST) regeneration if longitudinal changes of diffusion anisotropy can be detected. In this study, we explored the recovery of a CST partially damaged by intracerebral hematoma in a patient by DTI.

Methods: A 61-year-old female patient and six age-matched control subjects were evaluated.

Diffusion anisotrophy in the early stages of stroke can predict motor outcome.

Purpose: This study examined whether the degree of impairment of diffusion anisotrophy in the early stages of a stroke can predict the motor function outcome.

Methods: Thirty-one hemiplegic stroke patients were enrolled to this study. Diffusion anisotropy was measured by determining fractional anisotropy (FA) in the two ROIs (region of interests) at corona radiata (CR) and in the posterior limb of internal capsule (IC) during the early stages of stoke (average 7.

Ipsilateral motor pathway confirmed by diffusion tensor tractography in a patient with schizencephaly.

We evaluated the hand motor function of a right hemiparetic patient with schizencephaly using a combination of fMRI, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Only the unaffected (right) primary sensori-motor cortex was found to be activated during either affected (right) or unaffected hand movements. Evoked motor potentials with similar characteristics were obtained from both abductor pollicis brevis muscles simultaneously when stimulating the unaffected motor cortex.

Ipsilateral motor pathway confirmed by combined brain mapping of a patient with hemiparetic stroke: a case report.

This study investigated the motor control pathway using both functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in a patient with left hemiparesis with an infarction on the posterior limb of the right internal capsule. fMRI was performed using the blood oxygen level-dependent technique at 1.5 T with a standard head coil.