Insights into Alkaline Phosphatase Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms.

Background: The endogenous ecto-enzyme and exogenously administered alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have been evidenced to significantly attenuate inflammatory conditions, including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-related signaling and cytokine overexpression, barrier tissue dysfunction and oxidative stress, and metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, in experimental models of colitis, liver failure, and renal and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. This suggests multiple mechanisms of ALP anti-inflammatory action that remain to be fully elucidated.

Methods: Recent studies have contributed to a deeper comprehension of the role played by ALP in immune metabolism.

LPS-Dephosphorylating Alkaline Phosphatase of PhoA Family Divergent from the Multiple Homologues of spp.

A highly active alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the protein structural family PhoA, from a mussel gut-associated strain of the marine bacterium KMM 296 (CmAP), was found to effectively dephosphorylate lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Therefore, the aim of this work was to perform a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the structure, and to suggest the physiological role of this enzyme in marine bacteria of the genus . A scrutiny of the CmAP-like sequences in 36 available genomes revealed nine homologues intrinsic to the subspecies , whereas PhoA of a distant relative JO1 carried an inactive mutation.

[Analysis of opinion of surgeons on the role of topical hemostatic agents].

Objective: To analyze an opinion of surgeons on advisability, efficacy and choice of topical hemostatic agents.

Material And Methods: The research was based on anonymous questioning of surgeons. The questionnaires were developed by using of interactive Google Forms tool (https://www.

[Possible mechanism of the selective action of the inhibitors of glycolysis in the endothelial cells and the human carcinoma cells in the culture].

It is known that the production of energy and synthesis of macromolecules in cancer cells depend on the glucose metabolism to a greater extent than in non-tumor. In this paper we carry out a comparative study of the effectiveness of the two modifiers glycolysis 2 - D-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and dichloroacetate (DCA) in the induction of the cell death, changes in the cell cycle progression and in the alteration of the intracellular ROS levels in endothelial cells (line ECV304) and human carcinoma cells (line HeLa G-63) in order to identify cause-effect relations between these events. It has been shown that inhibition of the various stages of the glycolysis result in blocking cells in C2/M phase of the cell cycle and the induction of the cell death.

[Possibilities of epigenetic anti-tumor therapy in in-vitro models].

Research during the past decade has shown that epigenetic events have a key role in carcinogenesis and tumour progression. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) comprise structurally diverse compounds that are a group of targeted epigenetic anticancer agents. Here we explored the in vitro efficacy of HDACi such as sodium butyrate (BuNa), valproic acid (VaNa) and several novel HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.

[The role of infection in the development of polypous rhinosinusitis in patients with bronchial asthma].

At present, many authors accept the many-factor theory of development of polypous rhinosinusitis associated with bronchial asthma according to which this condition should be regarded as an inflammatory syndrome in subjects predisposed to a specific tissue reaction. Inflammation induced by an infection is accompanied by the release of protease-inhibiting enzymes that turn inflammation into a chronic process thereby contributing to tissue disintegration, remodeling of mucous membranes, and development of polyps.

[Outcomes of video-assisted thoracic lung resections and pneumonectomies in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

The paper pools some experience with 6 videothoracoscopic and 505 video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) resections of the lung and 105 VATS pneumonectomies. The bulk of the operations [451 (73.2%)] was made for pulmonary tuberculosis in patients aged 7 to 77 years.

[Modification of cellular radiosensitivity by NO-synthase inhibitors].

We recently reported that the treatment of V-79 and HeLa cells with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) significantly reduced the level of the radiation-induced unstable chromosome aberrations. The stereoisomer D-NAME had no effect. We suggest that the radioprotective effect of L-NAME resulted from the action on the generation reactive radicals due to the inhibition of the NOS-activity.

[Effect of nitric oxide donor (NaNO2) on the stability of non-transformed and malignant cells to ultraviolet and gamma-radiation].

A decreased sensitivity of the Chinese hamster cells (line V-79) to gamma-radiation under the influence of nitric oxide induction was shown elsewhere. This effect is connected hypothetically with post-radiation reparation of DNA. The investigation of the nitric oxide donor effect on sensitivity of these to UV-radiation is of interest, because this radiation is an important ecological factor of the environment.

[NO-dependent pathway of the modifying of the cellular sensitivity to gamma- and neutron irradiation].

The modifying effect of L-NAME, the NO-synthase inhibitor and D-NAME, the inactive enantiomer was investigated in human carcinoma cells (HeLa) and Chinese hamster fibroblasts (V-79) exposed to different doses of gamma-rays and 0.85 MeV neutrons. We estimated the level of the chromosome aberrations manifested as the bridges and fragments in anaphases.

[Effect of protein kinase C and NO-synthase inhibitors on the radiation-induced cytogenetic adaptive response in cultured Chinese hamster cells].

The effects of the serin-threonin kinase inhibitor--staurosporin and inhibitor of NO-synthase--L-NAME on the radiation-induced adaptive response were studied in fibroblasts of Chinese hamster in culture. We have shown that the adaptive response as measured by the reduction of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations was completely blocked in the presence of staurosporin as well as L-NAME. These inhibitors themselves did not increase the chromosome aberration frequency when cultures were irradiated with 3 Gy alone in the presence of inhibitors.

[Study of the radioprotective effect of the NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME in Chinese hamster cell culture].

A radioprotective effect of L-NAME was estimated by the yield of the aberrant anaphases after exposure of Chinese hamster cells to different doses of gamma-rays and beta-particles. It was shown that cell treatment with L-NAME before irradiation only decreased the frequency of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. The equal yield of the aberrant anaphases was found in the cells treated with L-NAME and irradiated with 6 Gy gamma-rays later and in the cells non-treated with L-NAME and irradiated with 3 Gy gamma-rays.

[Local ozone therapy in the complex surgical treatment of pulmonary and pleural tuberculosis patients].

The found bactericidal activity of ozone and oxygen mixture containing ozone, 10 mg/l, and ozoned solutions of furacilin (dilution 1:5000) and chlorohexidine (0.05%) against the nonspecific microflora and Mycobacteria tuberculosis allowed them to be used in the treatment of 55 patients with pleural empyema. Analyzing the outcomes of treatment in these patients versus 59 matched patients indicated that local ozone therapy accelerated sanitation and stimulation of reparative processes in this disease on the average by a fortnight.

[Dynamics of emergency surgical pathology in the Kursk region over a 20 year period].

Main characteristics of urgent surgical diseases are analyzed for the Kursk region over the period of 1977-1996. Excepting acute appendicitis and incarcerated hernias, the incidence of 6 out of 8 acute surgical abdominal diseases, recorded by the state medical statistics, increased. Late hospitalization of patients has a stable tendency to increase.

[Experience in the search of new prolonged-action radiation-protective agents].

The cysteamine derivative-guanidinoethanesulfanylthiosulfuric acid was demonstrated to have radioprotective properties protecting mice against X-rays and fission neutron irradiation hazard. Radioprotective efficacy shows itself for 2 hours after i.p.

[The hygienic validation of the recommended values for fluoride consumption for the adult population].

In trial with 21 health volunteers aged 40 +/- 1.8 years during 21 days was shown that the level of fluoride intake meeting the requirement all participants taking into account the interindividual variations in requirement must be 1.8 mg per day.

[Monitoring of dietary intake and nutritional status of Moscow's school children, 1992-1994. 1. Methodology of the study. Energy and nutrient intakes].

Surveys of dietary intakes and nutritional status of schoolchildren aged 10 and 15 years in Moscow were made during a period of rapid economic transformation, 1992-1994. It was part of multicentre study of schoolchildren dietary intake evaluation sponsored by WHO/UNICEF. Information on food intake was collected using two 24-hour recall interviews.

[Lasers in combined modality treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

Low-energy lasers were used in the combined preoperative treatment and therapy of 548 patients with chronic fibrocavernous tuberculosis. Indications for some types of exposure were defined, namely, transcutaneous exposure of the tuberculous involvement zone, combination of transcutaneous laser exposure and laser puncture, intravenous and endocavitary laser exposure. Low-energy lasers, as a many-factor pathogenetic exposure, are conducive to a more rapid and effective stabilization of tuberculosis progress, which helps sooner prepare the patients to surgical interventions and in some patients even do without them, reduce the number of postoperative complications, and improve the efficacy of surgical treatment of grave patients.

[Vitamin and mineral status of the population living in the Sverdlovsk region].

It was found that low nutritional status for vitamin C, B2, beta-carotene, selenium and calcium are most prominent nutritional problem for population of Sverdlovskaja region of Russia. Level of calcium in serum was low in 50% of examined population. The results suggest the necessity of dietary intake and food contamination assessments for this population.

[Nutritional status of native and non-native population of Russia's Extreme North and Far East].

Daily diets studied in various groups of native and non-native population living in the Far North and East of Russia (Kamchatka, Chukotka, Sakhalin) are shown to be inadequate for the adult capable population. Chemical composition of food provides insufficient supply of vegetable oil, calcium, vitamins, magnesium.

[The efficacy of the use of different types of lasers in the operative treatment of patients with tuberculosis of the lungs].

The efficiency of various types of lasers used in the surgical treatment of patients with tuberculosis and other diseases of the lungs and pleura was evaluated. Surgical (CO2 and YAG) and therapeutic lasers (helium-neon, ultra-violet and semiconductive) were used. The findings demonstrated that use of various lasers in lung surgery enables one to improve preoperative management, reduce the volume and traumatism of surgical interventions, decrease the number of postoperative complications and increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment of patients with tuberculosis and other diseases of the lungs and pleura.